Cited by 10Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorPrimate Behavior and EcologyHuman-Animal Interaction Studies

Novel unconditioned prosocial behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) as a model for empathy

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Stetzik, Lucas A., Sullivan, Alana W., Patisaul, Heather B., Cushing, Bruce S.·2018·BMC Research Notes

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In this study, empathy is quantified using a novel social test. Empathy and prosocial behavior are linked to the expression of oxytocin in humans and rodent models. Specifically, prosocial behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) has been linked to the expression of oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The animal's behavior was considered empathic if it spends significantly more time attempting to remove a loos fitting restraint (tether) from the stimulus animal than time in contact with a, simultaneously presented, non-social object similar to the tether. The behavioral data was cross-referenced with the number of neurons expressing oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, as well as the density of dopaminergic neurons (identified by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase), in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These proteins influence empathic behavior in humans, non-human primates, rats, mice, and prairie voles. RESULTS: The consistency between neuroanatomical mechanisms linked to empathy, and the durations of time spent engaging in empathic contact, support the prediction that the empathic contact in this test is a distinct prosocial behavior, lacking prior behavioral training or the naturally occurring ethological relevance of other prosocial behaviors, and is a measure of empathy.

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  • Previous studies suggest that prairie voles show empathy-like behavior, such as freezing caused by emotional contagion of conspecifics' fear, and consolation.

    “Previous studies suggest that prairie voles show empathy-like behavior, such as freezing caused by emotional contagion of conspecifics' fear, and consolation (Burkett et al., 2016; Stetzik et al., 2018; Wardwell et al., 2020).”

    From Helping behavior in prairie voles: a model of empathy and the importance of oxytocin (2022) · cites this paper as Stetzik et al., 2018

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Authors
Stetzik, L. A., Sullivan, A. W., Patisaul, H. B., & Cushing, B. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Akron (US)
  • North Carolina State University (US)
  • The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
Corresponding author
Stetzik, Lucas A.
Venue
BMC Research Notes
Published
2018-12
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
852-852
ISSN
1756-0500 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2903288152
Cited by
10
References
37
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
FWCI
2.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • BMC Research Notes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Florida Digital Collections (University of Florida) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES021233)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Keywords
empathy, prosocial behavior, Microtus ochrogaster, oxytocin, vasopressin, paraventricular nucleus, dopaminergic neurons, tyrosine hydroxylase
MeSH terms
Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Cooperative Behavior, Arvicolinae, Empathy, Female, Humans, Hypothalamus, Male, Oxytocin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Gene Expression, Models, Animal, Dopaminergic Neurons

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