Neuronal correlates of the set-size effect in monkey lateral intraparietal area
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It has long been known that the brain is limited in the amount of sensory information that it can process at any given time. A well-known form of capacity limitation in vision is the set-size effect, whereby the time needed to find a target increases in the presence of distractors. The set-size effect implies that inputs from multiple objects interfere with each other, but the loci and mechanisms of this interference are unknown. Here we show that the set-size effect has a neural correlate in competitive visuo-visual interactions in the lateral intraparietal area, an area related to spatial attention and eye movements. Monkeys performed a covert visual search task in which they discriminated the orientation of a visual target surrounded by distractors. Neurons encoded target location, but responses associated with both target and distractors declined as a function of distractor number (set size). Firing rates associated with the target in the receptive field correlated with reaction time both within and across set sizes. The findings suggest that competitive visuo-visual interactions in areas related to spatial attention contribute to capacity limitations in visual searches.
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In that task, the informative cue had value, and lateral intraparietal area neurons continued selecting the cue, showing higher activity if the target E rather than a distractor was in their receptive field.
“Nevertheless the informative cue had value, and neurons in the lateral intraparietal area continued selecting the cue, showing much higher activity if the “E” rather than a distractor was in their receptive field (Balan and Gottlieb, 2009; Balan et al., 2008; Oristaglio et al., 2006) (Fig. 4B).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Balan et al., 2008
Neural responses to target selection can be flexibly linked with action, being coupled with a shift of gaze, a skeletal response, or no immediate motor action.
“Experiments that dissociate visual selection from motor output show that neural responses to target selection can be flexibly linked with action – for example, being coupled with a shift of gaze, with a skeletal response or with no immediate motor action (Balan et al., 2008; Bisley and Goldberg, 2003; Schall et al., 2011).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Balan et al., 2008
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Set-Size Effects and the Neural Representation of Value
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The Neurodynamic Decision Variable in Human Multi-alternative Perceptual Choice
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A Multi-Area Stochastic Model for a Covert Visual Search Task
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- Authors
- Balan, P. F., Oristaglio, J., Schneider, D. M., & Gottlieb, J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gottlieb, Jacqueline
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2008-07-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e158
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC2443194
- OpenAlex
- W1982694564
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- McKnight Foundation
- National Eye Institute (R01EY014697)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- set-size effect, lateral intraparietal area, visual search, distractor interference, capacity constraints, spatial attention, receptive fields, reaction time
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Discrimination, Psychological, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neurons, Parietal Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Sensory Thresholds, Size Perception, Visual Perception, Contrast Sensitivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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