Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain: A systematic review
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Objective To systematically examine the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain in observational longitudinal human studies.Methods Systematic review of twenty longitudinal studies published from 2004-October 31, 2010.Results While adult studies (n = 13) reported inconsistent results on the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain, studies with children (n = 7) more consistently reported a positive relationship between short sleep duration and weight gain.Conclusion While shorter sleep duration consistently predicts subsequent weight gain in children, the relationship is not clear in adults. We discuss possible limitations of the current studies: 1) the diminishing association between short sleep duration on weight gain over time after transition to short sleep, 2) lack of inclusion of appropriate confounding, mediating, and moderating variables (i.e., sleep complaints and sedentary behavior), and 3) measurement issues.
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Among children, the longitudinal association between short sleep and weight gain appears to be stronger and more consistent, suggesting strong developmental origins.
“Notably, among children, the longitudinal association between short sleep and weight gain appears to be stronger and more consistent 107 (Table 2), suggesting strong developmental origins.”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [107]
Weight may not increase linearly during a period of short sleep, so a longitudinal study must begin before or at the start of the short-sleep transition to detect effects, which is less likely in older people.
“It is possible that weight is not gained linearly over the course of the short sleeping period. As a consequence, “in order for short sleep to predict any physiological or behavioral change, the longitudinal time frame examined would need to start prior to or at the beginning of the short sleep transition for each participant” [98], which is less likely to be the case with older ages.”
From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Magee, L., & Hale, L.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hale, Lauren
- ORCID
- Hale, Lauren
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 231-241
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3202683
- OpenAlex
- W2001234885
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG036868, R01AG036838)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD060208)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, weight gain, short sleep duration, childhood obesity, adult obesity, longitudinal associations, sedentary behavior, sleep complaints
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Weight Gain, Young Adult
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