Network analysis of persistent complex bereavement disorder in conjugally bereaved adults.
Open accessAbstract
Persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) is a bereavement-specific syndrome characterized by prolonged and impairing grief. Most research on this syndrome rests on the traditional latent variable model, whereby symptoms reflect an underlying entity. The network (or causal system) approach offers an alternative framework for understanding PCBD that does not suffer from limitations inherent in the latent entity approach. The network approach to psychopathology conceptualizes the relation between symptoms and disorder as mereological, not reflective. That is, symptoms do not reflect an inferred, unobservable category or dimension, but rather are themselves constitutive of the disorder. Accordingly, we propose that PCBD constitutes a causal system of mutually reinforcing symptoms that arise following the death of a loved one and settle into a pathological equilibrium. In this study, we used data from the Changing Lives of Older Couples database to identify symptoms central to PCBD, to distinguish the PCBD network from an overlapping but distinct network of depression symptoms, and to examine how previously identified risk factors may contribute to the maintenance or development of PCBD. Together, these findings provide an important first step toward understanding the nature and etiology of the PCBD network.
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Network-analytic studies have converged on the conclusion that yearning for the deceased and associated emotional pain have a cascading effect on other symptoms.
“studies using network-analytic approaches to model the centrality of prolonged grief disorder symptoms have converged on the conclusion that yearning for the deceased and associated emotional pain have a cascading effect on other symptoms 53,54 .”
From Emerging experience with selected new categories in the <scp>ICD</scp>‐11: complex <scp>PTSD</scp>, prolonged grief disorder, gaming disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
The Discussion (page unavailable in our copy) identifies emotional pain as the most central symptom and suggests that yearning and emotional pain may participate in symptom feedback loops. But the Results explicitly say that the network’s directional arrows do not imply causality, and the proposed yearning loop is described as speculative. This paper therefore does not establish the claimed cascading effect as a conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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WITHDRAWNPreprint
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- Authors
- Robinaugh, D. J., LeBlanc, N. J., Vuletich, H. A., & McNally, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 510-522
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC4170793
- OpenAlex
- W2003880706
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 23.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nancy Pritzker Research Network
- National Institute of Aging (P1 AG05561-01)
- Sponsor name not included
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- prolonged grief disorder, network analysis, bereavement, depressive symptoms, symptom networks, causal systems, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bereavement, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Risk Factors, Spouses
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