Cited by 184Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

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Mechanisms of Change in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Self-Compassion and Mindfulness as Mediators of Intervention Outcomes

Keng, Shian-Ling, Smoski, Moria J., Robins, Clive J., Ekblad, Andrew G., Brantley, Jeffrey G.·2012·Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy

DOI 10.1891/0889-8391.26.3.270

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Abstract

Research has demonstrated support for the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in alleviating psychological distress and symptoms. Less is known, however, about the mechanisms through which MBSR achieves its outcomes. This study examined mindfulness and self-compassion as potential mediators of MBSR’s effects on several processes and behaviors related to emotion regulation, using data from a randomized trial of MBSR versus waitlist (WL), in which MBSR participants demonstrated significantly greater improvements in worry, fear of emotion, difficulties in emotion regulation, suppression of anger, and aggressive anger expression. Mediation analysis using bootstrap resampling indicated that increases in self-compassion mediated MBSR’s effects on worry, controlling for change in mindfulness. Increases in mindfulness mediated the intervention’s effects on difficulties in emotion regulation, controlling for change in self-compassion. Both variables mediated MBSR’s effects on fear of emotion. These findings highlight the importance of mindfulness and self-compassion as key processes of change that underlie MBSR’s outcomes.

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Authors: Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., Robins, C. J., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Duke Medical Center (US)
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
ORCID: Keng, Shian-Ling
Smoski, Moria J.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Published: 2012
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Pages: 270-280
ISSN: 0889-8391 (ISSN-L)
1938-887X
DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.26.3.270
OpenAlex: W2008283886
Cited by: 184
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 9.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
Funders: Johns Hopkins University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: mindfulness-based stress reduction, self-compassion, mindfulness, mechanisms of change, emotion regulation, worry, fear of emotions, anger suppression, psychological distress, mediation

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Mechanisms of Change in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Self-Compassion and Mindfulness as Mediators of Intervention Outcomes

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