The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Economics of Discrimination.
Collard, D., & Becker, G. S. (1972) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2230052 · Cited by 3,573
The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism.
Phelps, E. S. (1972) · American Economic Review · Cited by 3,412
Arrow, K. J. (2015) · Discrimination in Labor Markets · doi:10.1515/9781400867066-003 · Cited by 1,804
Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of “Blind” Auditions on Female Musicians
Goldin, C., & Rouse, C. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.4.715 · Cited by 1,754
Statistical Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets
Aigner, D. J., & Cain, G. G. (1977) · ILR Review · doi:10.1177/001979397703000204 · Cited by 1,503
Chapter 48 Race and gender in the labor market
Altonji, J. G., & Blank, R. M. (1999) · Handbook of Labor Economics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4463(99)30039-0 · Cited by 981
Heckman, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.101 · Cited by 824
What Has Economics to Say About Racial Discrimination?
Arrow, K. J. (1998) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.91 · Cited by 679
Sex Discrimination in Restaurant Hiring: An Audit Study
Neumark, D., Bank, R. J., & Van Nort, K. D. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2946676 · Cited by 663
Industry Rents: Evidence and Implications
Katz, L. F., Summers, L. H., Hall, R. E., Schultze, C. L., & Topel, R. H. (1989) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Microeconomics · doi:10.2307/2534722 · Cited by 614
Cited by
Dynamics of the Gender Gap for Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors
Bertrand, M., Goldin, C., & Katz, L. F. (2010) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.2.3.228 · Cited by 1,256
Self-citationAnnamma, S. A., Jackson, D. D., & Morrison, D. (2017) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2016.1248837 · Cited by 738
Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences Can Make Scientific Research More Inclusive
Bangera, G., & Brownell, S. E. (2014) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.14-06-0099 · Cited by 722
Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: shifting the narrative
Metzler, M., Merrick, M. T., Klevens, J., Ports, K. A., & Ford, D. C. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.021 · Cited by 713
Ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions: a meta-analysis of correspondence tests 1990–2015
Zschirnt, E., & Ruedin, D. (2016) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2015.1133279 · Cited by 597
Köchling, A., & Wehner, M. C. (2020) · Business Research · doi:10.1007/s40685-020-00134-w · Cited by 511
Color-blind racial ideology: Theory, training, and measurement implications in psychology.
Neville, H. A., Awad, G. H., Brooks, J. E., Flores, M. P., & Bluemel, J. (2013) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0033282 · Cited by 489
Tweetment Effects on the Tweeted: Experimentally Reducing Racist Harassment
Munger, K. (2017) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-016-9373-5 · Cited by 395
Alief in Action (and Reaction)
GENDLER, T. S. (2008) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.2008.00352.x · Cited by 384
On the prevalence of racial discrimination in the United States
Lee, R. T., Perez, A. D., Boykin, C. M., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210698 · Cited by 318
Demographic dialectal variation in social media: a case study of African-American English
Blodgett, S. L., Green, L., & O'Connor, B. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1120 · Cited by 291
Coffman, K. B., Coffman, L. C., & Ericson, K. M. M. (2017) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2503 · Cited by 287
“…experiments that have featured auditors attempting to purchase cars (e.g. Ayres & Siegelman 1995), fake resumes submitted to potential employers (Bertrand & Mullainathan 2004), emails asking for an academic meeting (Milkman, Akinola, and Chugh 2012), and strategic games with subtle racial…”
Discrimination Against Female Migrants Wearing Headscarves
Weichselbaumer, D. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2842960 · Cited by 147
Four Principles of Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Phillips, P. J., Hahn, C. A., Fontana, P. C., Broniatowski, D. A., & Przybocki, M. A. (2020) · doi:10.6028/nist.ir.8312-draft · Cited by 136
Brelet, L., Flaudias, V., Désert, M., Guillaume, S., Llorca, P.-M., & Boirie, Y. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082834 · Cited by 94
Predicting human behavior toward members of different social groups
Jenkins, A. C., Karashchuk, P., Zhu, L., & Hsu, M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1719452115 · Cited by 58
More Accounts, Fewer Links: How Algorithmic Curation Impacts Media Exposure in Twitter Timelines
Bandy, J., & Diakopoulos, N. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3449152 · Cited by 54
Mechanism design for social good
Abebe, R., & Goldner, K. (2018) · AI Matters · doi:10.1145/3284751.3284761 · Cited by 45
Leibbrandt, A., & List, J. (2018) · doi:10.3386/w25035 · Cited by 43
Designing Online Marketplaces: Trust and Reputation Mechanisms
Luca, M. (2016) · NBER Working Paper Series · doi:10.3386/w22616 · Cited by 36
Altenburger, K., De, R., Frazier, K., Avteniev, N., & Hamilton, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v11i1.14929 · Cited by 35
Simulation Experiments on (the Absence of) Ratings Bias in Reputation Systems
Thebault-Spieker, J., Kluver, D., Klein, M. A., Halfaker, A., Hecht, B., Terveen, L., & Konstan, J. A. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3134736 · Cited by 26
Automating Automaticity: How the Context of Human Choice Affects the Extent of Algorithmic Bias
Agan, A., Davenport, D., Ludwig, J., & Mullainathan, S. (2023) · doi:10.3386/w30981 · Cited by 25
Self-citationNabi, R., & Shpitser, I. (2018) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11553 · Cited by 20
Sah, S., Robertson, C. T., & Baughman, S. B. (2015) · Behavioral Science & Policy · doi:10.1177/237946151500100208 · Cited by 15
Kraus, M. W., Torrez, B., & Hollie, L. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/k3dmf · Cited by 3
Systemic Discrimination Among Large U.S. Employers
Kline, P., Rose, E. K., & Walters, C. (2021) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3898669 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S.
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146233270
- Cited by
- 1,020
- References
- 25
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.