The influence of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation on antibody titers after influenza vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
Background: Influenza infection is a common disease with a huge disease burden. Influenza vaccination has been widely used, but concerns regarding vaccine efficacy exist, especially in the elderly. Probiotics are live microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects and may enhance the immune responses to influenza vaccination. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on vaccine responses to influenza vaccination. Studies were systematically identified from electronic databases up to July 2017. Information regarding study population, influenza vaccination, components of supplements, and immune responses were extracted and analyzed. Twelve studies, investigating a total of 688 participants, were included in this review. Results: Patients with prebiotics/probiotics supplements were found to have higher influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers after vaccination (for A/H1N1, 42.89 vs 35.76, mean difference =7.14, 95% CI =2.73, 11.55, P =0.002; for A/H3N2, 105.4 vs 88.25, mean difference =17.19, 95% CI =3.39, 30.99, P =0.01; for B strain, 34.87 vs 30.73, mean difference =4.17, 95% CI =0.37, 7.96, P =0.03). Conclusion: Supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics may enhance the influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in all A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains (20%, 19.5%, and 13.6% increases, respectively). Concomitant prebiotics or probiotics supplementation with influenza vaccination may hold great promise for improving vaccine efficacy. However, high heterogeneity was observed and further studies are warranted. Keywords: influenza, influenza vaccine, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibody titer, immune response
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In a meta-analysis, HI titers were significantly higher for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains, with increases of 20%, 19.5%, and 13.6%, respectively, in the probiotic group compared with the control.
“In this meta-analysis, researchers reported significantly higher HI titers for both A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains, with increases of 20%, 19.5%, and 13.6%, respectively, in the probiotic group compared with the control.”
From The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties (2024) · cites this paper as [180]
In a meta-analysis, HI titers were significantly higher in the probiotic group compared to control for influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B, with increases of 20%, 19.5%, and 13.6% respectively.
“In this meta-analysis the authors found significantly higher HI titers in the probiotic group compared to control for both strain A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and strain B, with increases of 20%, 19.5%, and 13.6% respectively.”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Yeh et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Yeh, T.-L., Shih, P.-C., Liu, S.-J., Lin, C.-H., Liu, J.-M., Lei, W.-T., & Lin, C.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Mackay Memorial Hospital (TW)
- Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Chien-Yu
- Venue
- Drug Design Development and Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- Volume 12
- Pages
- 217-230
- ISSN
- 1177-8881 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5790137
- OpenAlex
- W2790466811
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Drug Design Development and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- influenza vaccination, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibody titers, hemagglutination inhibition, vaccine response, immunomodulation, older adults, H1N1, H3N2, influenza B
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, Humans, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Prebiotics
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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