Oxidation of Carbohydrate Ingested During Prolonged Endurance Exercise
Abstract
Classic studies conducted in the 1920s and 1930s established that the consumption of a high carbohydrate (CHO) diet before exercise and the ingestion of glucose during exercise delayed the onset of fatigue, in part by preventing the development of hypoglycaemia. For the next 30 to 40 years, however, interest in CHO ingestion during exercise waned. Indeed, it was not until the reintroduction of the muscle biopsy technique into exercise physiology in the 1960s that a series of studies on CHO utilisation during exercise appeared. Investigations by Scandinavian physiologists showed that muscle glycogen depletion during prolonged exercise coincided with the development of fatigue. Despite this finding, attempts to delay fatigue during prolonged exercise focused principally on techniques that would increase muscle glycogen storage before exercise. The possibility that CHO ingestion during exercise might also delay the development of muscle glycogen depletion and hence, at least potentially, fatigue, was not extensively investigated. This, in part, can be explained by the popular belief that water replacement to prevent dehydration and hyperthermia was of greater importance than CHO replacement during prolonged exercise. This position was strengthened by studies in the early 1970s which showed that the ingestion of CHO solutions delayed gastric emptying compared with water, and might therefore exacerbate dehydration. As a result, athletes were actively discouraged from ingesting eve…
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The primary form of carbohydrates typically ingested during and after exercise are glucose (polymers).
“The primary form of carbohydrates that are typically ingested during and after exercise are glucose (polymers).”
From Fructose co‐ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes (2019) · cites this paper as Hawley et al. 1992
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“As a result, glucose (polymers) have been recommended already for decades as the predominant source of carbohydrates to ingest around endurance exercise sessions for athletes (Hawley et al. 1992).”
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- Authors
- Hawley, J. A., Dennis, S. C., & Noakes, T. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 1992-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-42
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2033254300
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- carbohydrate oxidation, glucose oxidation, muscle glycogen depletion, fatigue, isotope tracer technique, feeding schedule, gastric emptying, hypoglycemia, muscle glycogen storage
- MeSH terms
- Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatigue, Gastric Emptying, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Physical Endurance, Sports Medicine, Exercise
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