Cited by 1CRISPR and Genetic EngineeringRNA regulation and diseaseVirus-based gene therapy research

Evolution of prime editing systems: move forward to the treatment of hereditary diseases

Volodina, Olga V., Fabrichnikova, Anastasia R., Anuchina, Arina A., Mishina, Olesya S., Lavrov, Alexander V., Smirnikhina, Svetlana A.·2025·Current Gene Therapy

Abstract

The development of gene therapy using genome editing tools recently became relevant. With the invention of programmable nucleases, it became possible to treat hereditary diseases due to introducing targeted double strand break in the genome followed by homology directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) reparation. CRISPR-Cas9 is more efficient and easier to use in comparison with other programmable nucleases. To improve the efficiency and safety of this gene editing tool, various modifications CRISPR-Cas9 basis were created in recent years, such as prime editing - in this system, Cas9 nickase is fused with reverse transcriptase and guide RNA, which contains a desired correction. Prime editing demonstrates equal or higher correction efficiency as HDR-mediated editing and much less off-target effect due to inducing nick. There are several studies in which prime editing is used to correct mutations in which researchers reported little or no evidence of off-target effects. The system can also be used to functionally characterize disease variants. However, prime editing still has several limitations that could be further improved. The effectiveness of the method is not yet high enough to apply it in clinical trials. Delivery of prime editors is also a big challenge due to their size. In the present article, we observe the development of the platform, and discuss the candidate proteins for efficiency enhancing, main delivery methods and current applications of prime editing.

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Crossref · 10.2174/0115665232295117240405070809

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  • PE offers several advantages over CRISPR/Cas9 and other genome editing techniques, including higher precision, reduced off-target effects, and independence from the cell's repair mechanisms, which minimizes unintended mutations.

    “PE offers several advantages over CRISPR/Cas9 and other genome editing techniques, including higher precision, reduced off-target effects, and independence from the cell’s repair mechanisms, which minimizes unintended mutations (Volodina et al., 2024; Zeng et al., 2024; Xu Z. et al., 2023).”

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Authors
Volodina, O. V., Fabrichnikova, A. R., Anuchina, A. A., Mishina, O. S., Lavrov, A. V., & Smirnikhina, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RU)
  • Laboratory of Genome Editing, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522, Moscow, Russia
Corresponding author
Volodina, Olga V.
Venue
Current Gene Therapy
Published
2025-02
Volume
25
Issue
1
Pages
46-61
ISSN
1566-5232 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4394833121
Cited by
1
References
92
Citations by year
2025: 1
FWCI
0.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Gene Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
Keywords
prime editing, CRISPR/Cas9, Cas9 nickase, reverse transcriptase, genetic disorders, gene therapy, genome editing, off-target effects, homology-directed repair, non-homologous end joining, guide RNA
MeSH terms
Gene Editing, RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Humans, Genetic Therapy, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, DNA End-Joining Repair, CRISPR-Cas Systems

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