The Measurement of Happiness: Development of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH)
Abstract
Items of the Affect Balance Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index-Z and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Scale together with 22 new items were used in the construction of a happiness scale for the elderly. Items were initially administered to 301 subjects from urban, rural, and institutional settings and correlated with ratings of happiness. A new scale consisting of 24 items was cross-validated on an additional 297 subjects. Test-retest reliability scores were obtained on 56 subjects. Results indicated that the new scale was a better predictor of "avowed happiness" in both validation and cross-validation samples than the existing scales used for comparison. Moreover, the new scale's test-rated reliability was within an acceptable range for this type of scale.
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Psychological well-being was used as an alternative phrasing for mental health.
“and psychological well-being was used as an alternative phrasing for mental health.74”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [74]
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Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 11,469 · see citing works
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
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“, 1960); instruments developed to measure happiness in geriatric populations (e.g., MUNSH; Kozma and Stones, 1980); and scales that tap various aspects of psychological functioning in addition to well-being (e.”
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“For example, mood and affective well-being can be assessed by the Affectometer (Kammann & Flett, 1983), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), or the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSCH; Kozma & Stones, 1980), among others.”
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“The following tools are mere examples: the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI; Argyle, Martin, & Lu, 1995; Hills & Argyle, 1998), the Depression-Happiness Scale (Lewis, McCollam, & Joseph, 2001; McGreal & Joseph, 1993), and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (Kozma & Stones, 1980).”
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“And while the measurement of the affective aspects of well-being has received considerable attention (Bradburn, 1969; Kammann & Flett, 1983; Kozma & Stones, 1980), an overall general measure of the cognitive-judgmental aspects of SWB was lacking until the development of the Satisfaction With Life…”
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Hyoung, H.-K. (2008) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · doi:10.4040/jkan.2008.38.6.902 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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“The present study used the MUNSH scale to assess the discriminant validity of the KDSKA.”
MethodInfluentialSong, L., Ge, Y., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s330827 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Harris, P. R., & Lightsey, O. R. (2005) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.544 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Derived from the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH; Kozma & Stones, 1980), the SHARP balances short-term affective and long-term dispositional components.”
MethodRe-Validation of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness,
Kozma, A., & Stones, M. J. (1983) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980800015610 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurement of Psychological Hardiness in Older Adults
McNeil, K., Kozma, A., Stones, M. J., & Hannah, E. (1986) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980800005006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Kozma, A., & Stones, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1980-11-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 906-912
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156612002
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- happiness, scale development, older adults, test-retest reliability, cross-validation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Happiness, Humans, Psychological Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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