Wellness within illness: Happiness in schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Schizophrenia is typically a chronic disorder and among the most severe forms of serious mental illnesses in terms of adverse impact on quality of life. Yet, there have been suggestions that some people with schizophrenia can experience an overall sense of happiness in their lives. We investigated happiness among 72 outpatients with non-remitted chronic schizophrenia with a mean duration of illness of 24.4 years, and 64 healthy comparison subjects (HCs). Despite continued treatment with antipsychotic medications, the individuals with schizophrenia manifested a mild to moderate level of psychopathology. People with schizophrenia reported lower mean levels of happiness than HCs, but there was substantial heterogeneity within the schizophrenia group. Level of happiness in persons with schizophrenia was significantly correlated with higher mental health-related quality of life, and several positive psychosocial factors (lower perceived stress, and higher levels of resilience, optimism, and personal mastery). However, level of happiness was not related to sociodemographic characteristics, duration of illness, severity of positive or negative symptoms, physical function, medical comorbidity, or cognitive functioning. Except for an absence of an association with resilience, the pattern of correlations of happiness with other variables seen among HCs was similar to that in individuals with schizophrenia. Although happiness may be harder to achieve in the context of a serious mental illness, it nonetheless appears to be a viable treatment goal in schizophrenia. Psychotherapies targeting positive coping factors such as resilience, optimism, and personal mastery warrant further investigation.
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One study using a validated scale of happiness found that, although the mean level was lower in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy comparison subjects, 38% of the patients had happiness ratings in the highest range, despite worse physical health and objectively more stressors.
“One study using a validated scale of happiness found that, although the mean level was lower in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy comparison subjects, 38% of the patients had happiness ratings in the highest range, despite worse physical health and objectively more stressors 249 .”
From Mental health care for older adults: recent advances and new directions in clinical practice and research (2022) · cites this paper as [249]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Palmer, B. W., Martin, A. S., Depp, C. A., Glorioso, D. K., & Jeste, D. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Palmer, Barton W.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 151-156
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4928639
- OpenAlex
- W2163782232
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH094151, T32MH019934)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- happiness, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cognition Disorders, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Outpatients, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Quality of Life, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Statistics, Nonparametric, Mood Disorders, Young Adult
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