Cited by 7,151Economic Theory and InstitutionsLaw, Economics, and Judicial SystemsOutsourcing and Supply Chain Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives

Williamson, Oliver E.·1991·Administrative Science Quarterly

DOI 10.2307/2393356

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Oliver E. Williamson University of California, Berkeley This paper combines institutional economics with aspects of contract law and organization theory to identify and explicate the key differences that distinguish three generic forms of economic organization-market, hybrid, and hierarchy. The analysis shows that the three generic forms are distinguished by different coordinating and control mechanisms and by different abilities to adapt to disturbances. Also, each generic form is supported and defined by a distinctive type of contract law. The costeffective choice of organization form is shown to vary systematically with the attributes of transactions. The paper unifies two hitherto disjunct areas of institutional economics-the institutional environment and the institutions of governance-by treating the institutional environment as a locus of parameters, changes in which parameters bring about shifts in the comparative costs of governance. Changes in property rights, contract law, reputation effects, and uncertainty are investigated.'

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/2393356

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x · Cited by 71,491
Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness
Granovetter, M. (1985) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228311 · Cited by 28,745
The nature of the firm
Coase, R. H. (1937) · Economica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x · Cited by 23,972
Foundations of social theory
Riggins, F. J., & Mitra, S. (1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6637 · Cited by 16,590
The Economic Institutions of Capitalism
Dugger, W. M. (1987) · Journal of Economic Issues · doi:10.1080/00213624.1987.11504638 · Cited by 14,873
Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm
Fama, E. F. (1980) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260866 · Cited by 10,543
Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations
Williamson, O. E. (1979) · The Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1086/466942 · Cited by 10,190
Self-citation
Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization
Alchian, A. A., & Demsetz, H. (1996) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198774358.003.0005 · Cited by 9,528
The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration
Grossman, S. J., & Hart, O. (1986) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261404 · Cited by 9,309
Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy
Reid, L. A., & Polanyi, M. (1959) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3119338 · Cited by 7,880

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 56 references

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,007

Coordination and Virtualization: The Role of Electronic Networks and Personal Relationships
Kraut, R. E., Steinfield, C. W., Chan, A. P., Butler, B. S., & Hoag, A. M. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.1998.tb00084.x · Cited by 90
The emergence of boundaries and accounting in supply fields: The dynamics of integration and fragmentation
Thrane, S., & Hald, K. S. (2006) · Management Accounting Research · doi:10.1016/j.mar.2006.06.001 · Cited by 87
The hold-up problem in the management of construction projects: A case study of the Channel Tunnel
Chang, C., & Ive, G. J. (2007) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.01.001 · Cited by 90
Reflections on knowledge-based approaches to the organization of production
Grant, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Management & Governance · doi:10.1007/s10997-011-9195-0 · Cited by 93
Green Buildings and Organizational Changes in Italian Case Studies
Albino, V., & Berardi, U. (2012) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.1728 · Cited by 90
Transaction-Cost Economics: Past, Present, and Future?
Gibbons, R. S. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01609.x · Cited by 98
Information-Based Principles for Rethinking Consumer Protection Policy
Hadfield, G. K., HOWSE, R. L., & Trebilcock, M. J. (1998) · Journal of Consumer Policy · doi:10.1023/a:1006863016924 · Cited by 90
Data exchange in interorganizational relationships
Elgarah, W., Falaleeva, N., Saunders, C. C., Ilie, V., Shim, J. T., & Courtney, J. F. (2005) · ACM SIGMIS Database the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems · doi:10.1145/1047070.1047073 · Cited by 94
Factors Influencing the Duration of International Buyer–Seller Relationships
Haugland, S. A. (1999) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(98)00034-4 · Cited by 90
Efficiency, Power, Authority and Economic Organization
Williamson, O. E. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1800-9_2 · Cited by 90
Self-citation
How businesses should govern knowledge-intensive collaborations with universities: An empirical investigation of university professors
Clauß, T., & Kesting, T. (2016) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.09.001 · Cited by 89
Partnering with Leviathan: The politics of innovation in foreign-host-state joint ventures
Sun, P., Deng, Z., & Wright, M. (2020) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-020-00340-y · Cited by 89
A conceptual framework for supply chain governance
Zhang, X., & Aramyan, L. H. (2009) · China Agricultural Economic Review · doi:10.1108/17561370910927408 · Cited by 89
Does power sharing matter? The role of power and influence in alliance performance
Muthusamy, S. K., & White, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.01.018 · Cited by 89
Understanding and resolving major contractual breaches in buyer–seller relationships: a grounded theory approach
Johnson, J. S., & Sohi, R. S. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-015-0427-8 · Cited by 89
Positioning multiple decoupling points in a supply network
Sun, X., Ji, P., Sun, L., & Wang, Y. (2008) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.11.012 · Cited by 89
Unbundling the Institution‐Based View of International Business Strategy
Peng, M. W., & Khoury, T. A. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234257.003.0010 · Cited by 90
Taxonomic definitions in social science, with firms, markets and institutions as case studies
Hodgson, G. M. (2018) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137418000334 · Cited by 93
The impact of country risk and cultural distance on entry mode choice
Quer, D., Claver, E., & Rienda, L. (2007) · Cross Cultural Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13527600710718859 · Cited by 88
A Theory of Stakeholder Enabling: Giving Voice to an Emerging Postmodern Praxis of Organizational Discourse
Calton, J. M., & Kurland, N. B. (1996) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483345390.n8 · Cited by 88
Commercializing inventions resulting from university research: Analyzing the impact of technology characteristics on subsequent business models
Pries, F., & Guild, P. (2010) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2010.05.002 · Cited by 87
The Elgar Companion to Transaction Cost Economics
Foss, N. J., & Klein, P. G. (2010) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849806909 · Cited by 88
Institutional Capital: Competitive Advantage In Light Of The New Institutionalism In Organization Theory
Bresser, R. K. F., & Millonig, K. (2003) · Schmalenbach Business Review · doi:10.1007/bf03396675 · Cited by 87
Drivers and outcomes of importer adaptation in international buyer–seller relationships
Leonidou, L. C., Palihawadana, D., Chari, S., & Leonidou, C. N. (2010) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2010.10.013 · Cited by 87
Accountability and ideology: When left looks right and right looks left
Tetlock, P. E., Vieider, F. M., Patil, S. V., & Grant, A. M. (2013) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.03.007 · Cited by 91
Changes in the institutional environment and the institutions of governance: extending the contributions of transaction cost economics within the management control literature
Covaleski, M. A., Dirsmith, M. W., & Samuel, S. (2003) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/s0361-3682(02)00061-2 · Cited by 87
Breaking the letter vs. spirit of the law: How the interpretation of contract violations affects trust and the management of relationships
Harmon, D. J., Kim, P. H., & Mayer, K. J. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2231 · Cited by 87
Managing A Global Partnership Model: Lessons from the B oeing 787 ‘Dreamliner’ Program
Kotha, S. B., & Srikanth, K. (2013) · Global Strategy Journal · doi:10.1111/j.2042-5805.2012.01050.x · Cited by 87
STRATEGIC ASSETS, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE
Kochhar, R. (1997) · Cited by 87
Private Participation in Health Services
Preker, A. S., & Harding, A. L. (2003) · Health, nutrition, and population series · doi:10.1596/0-8213-5152-4 · Cited by 87
Cooperation across Disciplines: A Multilevel Perspective on Cooperative Behavior in Governing Interfirm Relations
Salvato, C., Reuer, J. J., & Battigalli, P. (2017) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2014.0001 · Cited by 86
When inter-firm relationship benefits mitigate power asymmetry
Cowan, K. L., Paswan, A. K., & Steenburg, E. V. (2015) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.03.013 · Cited by 86
Will the EU Taxonomy Regulation Foster Sustainable Corporate Governance?
Pacces, A. M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132112316 · Cited by 104
Vertical Territorial Restrictions and Public Policy: Theories and Industry Evidence
Dutta, S., Heide, J. B., & Bergen, M. (1999) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299906300410 · Cited by 86
The influence of governance equilibrium on ERP project success
Wang, E. T. G., & Chen, J. H. F. (2004) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2004.10.005 · Cited by 86
Cooperatives: Hierarchies or Hybrids?
Ménard, C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-5543-0_1 · Cited by 86
The impact of trust and commitment on value creation in asymmetric buyer–seller relationships: the mediation effect of specific asset investments
Chen, P.-Y., Chen, K.-Y., & Wu, L.-Y. (2017) · Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-09-2014-0171 · Cited by 85
Some assembly required: leveraging Web science to understand and enable team assembly
Contractor, N. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0385 · Cited by 85
Knowledge sharing and safeguarding in R&D collaborations: The role of steering committees in biotechnology alliances
Devarakonda, S. V., & Reuer, J. J. (2018) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2898 · Cited by 85
The emergence of Urban Community Resilience Initiatives During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Exploratory Study
Fransen, J., Peralta, D. O., Vanelli, F., Edelenbos, J., & Olvera, B. C. (2021) · European Journal of Development Research · doi:10.1057/s41287-020-00348-y · Cited by 85
Manufacturing outsourcing and its effect on plant performance—lessons for KIBS outsourcing
Bengtsson, L. G., & Dabhilkar, M. (2008) · Journal of Evolutionary Economics · doi:10.1007/s00191-008-0129-1 · Cited by 85
The effect of community identification on attitude and intention toward a blogging community
Shen, C., & Chiou, J. (2009) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/10662240910981362 · Cited by 85
Constitutions As Relational Contracts: Explaining Procedural Safeguards in Municipal Charters
Maser, S. M. (1998) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024395 · Cited by 85
Sourcing of internal auditing: An empirical study
Speklé, R. F., van Elten, H. J., & Kruis, A.-M. (2006) · Management Accounting Research · doi:10.1016/j.mar.2006.10.001 · Cited by 85
Cómo los cambios en el comportamiento del consumidor y la distribuciónafectan a la competencia de los productores y procesadores de alimentos
Grunert, K. G. (2011) · Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales · doi:10.7201/earn.2006.11.01 · Cited by 85
Marketing cooperatives and financial structure: a transaction costs economics analysis
Hendrikse, G. W. J. (2001) · Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1016/s0169-5150(00)00122-5 · Cited by 85
Vertical Markets and Cooperative Hierarchies
Karantininis, K., & Nilsson, J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-5543-0 · Cited by 85
Start-up collaboration units as knowledge brokers in Corporate Innovation Ecosystems: A study in the automotive industry
Corvello, V., Felicetti, A. M., Steiber, A., & Alänge, S. (2023) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2022.100303 · Cited by 84
Corporate branding versus product branding in emerging markets
Xie, H. Y., & Boggs, D. J. (2006) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634500610672099 · Cited by 84
Structure of service level agreements (SLA) in IT outsourcing: The construct and its measurement
Goo, J. (2008) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-008-9067-6 · Cited by 84
Factors influencing perceptions of performance: The case of western FDI in an emerging market
Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E., & Glaister, K. W. (2007) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.02.002 · Cited by 86
Privatization, governance, and survival: MNE investments in private participation projects in emerging economies
Jiang, Y., Peng, M. W., Yang, X., & Mutlu, C. C. (2014) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2014.10.006 · Cited by 85
Let's Work It Out (or We'll See You in Court): Litigation and Private Dispute Resolution in Vertical Exchange Relationships
Lumineau, F., & Oxley, J. E. (2011) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1110.0658 · Cited by 84
The sound of silence: which employers choose no employee voice and why?
Willman, P., Bryson, A., & Gómez, R. (2006) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwl012 · Cited by 84
Role hazard between supply chain partners in an institutionally fragmented market
Dong, M. C., Ju, M., & Fang, Y.-L. (2016) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2016.07.006 · Cited by 94
MNC organizational form and subsidiary motivation problems: Controlling intervention hazards in the network MNC
Foss, K., Foss, N. J., & Nell, P. C. (2012) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2012.03.001 · Cited by 88
Delivery Model Innovation: Insights From Infrastructure Projects
Davies, A. C., MacAulay, S. C., & Brady, T. (2019) · Project Management Journal · doi:10.1177/8756972819831145 · Cited by 84
Landlords with no lands: a systematic literature review on hybrid multi-sided platforms and platform thinking
Trabucchi, D., & Buganza, T. (2022) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-11-2020-0467 · Cited by 83
Extranets: impacts on business practices and relationships
Vlosky, R. P., Fontenot, R. J., & Blalock, L. L. (2000) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/08858620010349510 · Cited by 83
The Initiation and Evolution of Interfirm Knowledge Transfer in R&D Relationships
Faems, D., Janssens, M., & Looy, B. V. (2007) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840606082222 · Cited by 91
Plural Forms of Organization: Where Do We Stand?
Ménard, C. (2012) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.2578 · Cited by 82
An intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming method for logistics outsourcing provider selection
Wan, S., Wang, F., Lin, L.-L., & Dong, J.-Y. (2015) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2015.02.027 · Cited by 82
Inter-organizational cooperation and organizational innovativeness. A comparative study
Pouwels, I. H. M., & Koster, F. (2017) · International Journal of Innovation Science · doi:10.1108/ijis-01-2017-0003 · Cited by 82
Dueling Institutional Logics And The Effect On Strategic Entrepreneurship In C hinese Business Groups
Yiu, D. W., Hoskisson, R. E., Bruton, G. D., & Lü, Y. (2014) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1177 · Cited by 82
Factors affecting trading partners’ knowledge sharing: Using the lens of transaction cost economics and socio-political theories
Ke, W., & Wei, K. (2006) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2006.06.006 · Cited by 86
Predictors of relationships among buying and supplying firms
Monczka, R. M., Callahan, T., & Nichols, E. L. (1995) · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/09600039510101799 · Cited by 82
Contractual arrangements and enforcement in transition agriculture: Theory and evidence from China
Guo, H., & Jolly, R. W. (2008) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.04.003 · Cited by 82
Building a Strong Foothold in an Emerging Market: A Link Between Resource Commitment and Environment Conditions*
Luo, Y. (2004) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00452.x · Cited by 82
Contingent Earnouts in Acquisitions of Privately Held Targets
Ragozzino, R., & Reuer, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206308328503 · Cited by 82
Asymmetrical deployment of specific assets and contractual safeguarding in industrial purchasing relationships
Buvik, A., & Reve, T. (2001) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(99)00056-9 · Cited by 82
Big science, learning, and innovation: evidence from CERN procurement
Florio, M., Giffoni, F., Giunta, A., & Sirtori, E. (2018) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dty029 · Cited by 81
How B2B platform improves Buyers’ performance: Insights into platform’s substitution effect
Zhou, L., Mao, H., Zhao, T., Wang, V. L., Wang, X., & Zuo, P. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.060 · Cited by 81
Cooperation between large companies and start-ups: An overview of the current state of research
Giglio, C., Corvello, V., Coniglio, I., Kraus, S., & Gast, J. (2023) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2023.08.002 · Cited by 75
Institutional Explanations of Cross-border Alliance Modes: The Case of Emerging Economies Firms
Michailova, S., & Ang, S. H. (2008) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-008-0036-6 · Cited by 81
Success of research-based spin-offs. State-of-the-art and guidelines for further research
Helm, R., & Mauroner, O. (2007) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-007-0010-x · Cited by 81
A meta-analytic review of the effects of organizational control in marketing exchange relationships
Crosno, J. L., & Brown, J. R. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0386-5 · Cited by 81
Designing and implementing open book accounting in buyer–supplier dyads: A framework for supplier selection and motivation
Romano, P., & Formentini, M. (2012) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2012.01.013 · Cited by 81
Kinship in the Shadow of the Corporation: The Interbuilder Network in Clyde River Shipbuilding, 1711–1990
Ingram, P. L., & Lifschitz, A. (2006) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240607100208 · Cited by 81
Alignment between chain quality management and chain governance in EU pork supply chains: A Transaction-Cost-Economics perspective
Wever, M., Wognum, N., Trienekens, J. H., & Omta, O. (2009) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.05.012 · Cited by 81
Alliance portfolio reconfiguration following a technological discontinuity
Asgari, N., Singh, K., & Mitchell, W. (2016) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2554 · Cited by 81
MNE Subsidiaries’ Outsourcing and InSourcing of R&D: The Role of Local Institutions
Santangelo, G. D., Meyer, K. E., & Jindra, B. (2016) · Global Strategy Journal · doi:10.1002/gsj.1137 · Cited by 81
The Mediating Role of Employees’ Green Motivation between Exploratory Factors and Green Behaviour in the Malaysian Food Industry
Ha, J., Masud, M. M., Akhtar, R., & Rana, M. S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12020509 · Cited by 80
Determinants of Sourcing During Technology Growth and Maturity: An Empirical Study of e-Commerce Sourcing
Kishore, R., Agrawal, M., & RAO, H. R. (2004) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2004.11045810 · Cited by 81
Do exchange hazards always foster relational governance? An empirical test of the role of communication
Sheng, S., Brown, J. R., Nicholson, C. Y., & Poppo, L. (2006) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2006.01.006 · Cited by 80
Drivers of agricultural cooperative formation and farmers’ membership and patronage decisions in Ethiopia
Abate, G. T. (2018) · Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jcom.2018.06.002 · Cited by 79
Governance of agricultural value chains: Coordination, control and safeguarding
Mishra, P. K., & Dey, K. (2018) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.09.020 · Cited by 79
Hybrids: where are we?
Ménard, C. (2021) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137421000230 · Cited by 83
Circular supply chain governance: a qualitative-empirical study of the European polyurethane industry to facilitate functional circular supply chain management
Schultz, F. C., Everding, S., & Pies, I. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128445 · Cited by 71
In times of plenty: Slack resources, R&D investment, and entrepreneurial firms in challenging institutional environments
Du, Y., Kim, P. H., Fourné, S. P. L., & Wang, X. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.004 · Cited by 81
Externalization in the platform economy: Social platforms and institutions
Chen, L., Li, S., Wei, J., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-022-00506-w · Cited by 79
Vassal or lord buyers: How to exert management control in asymmetric interfirm transactional relationships?
Donada, C., & Nogatchewsky, G. (2006) · Management Accounting Research · doi:10.1016/j.mar.2006.06.002 · Cited by 79
LET'S TALK: HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS CONTRACT DESIGN
Brandts, J., Ellman, M., & Charness, G. B. (2015) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1111/jeea.12157 · Cited by 79
Knowledge complementarity and knowledge exchange in supply channel relationships
Kim, K. K., Umanath, N. S., Kim, J. Y., Ahrens, F., & Kim, B. (2011) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.05.002 · Cited by 82
Contracting out the Physical Distribution Function: A Trade‐off between Asset Specificity and Performance Measurement
Aertsen, F. (1993) · International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/09600039310025598 · Cited by 79
The transaction costs theory in international business research: a bibliometric study over three decades
Ferreira, M. P., Pinto, C. F., & Serra, F. A. R. (2013) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1172-8 · Cited by 79
Learning through international acquisitions: The process of knowledge acquisition in China
Zou, H., & Ghauri, P. N. (2008) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-008-0012-1 · Cited by 80
The e‐integration dilemma: The linkages between Internet technology application, trading partner relationships and structural change
Power, D., & Singh, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2007.01.006 · Cited by 79
Solving theoretical and empirical conundrums in international strategy research: Linking foreign entry mode choices and performance
Martín, X. (2012) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2012.29 · Cited by 79
Fragmenting global business processes: A protection for proprietary information
Gooris, J., & Peeters, C. (2016) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2015.44 · Cited by 66
Formal and Informal Contracting: Theory and Evidence
Gil, R., & Zanarone, G. (2017) · Annual Review of Law and Social Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113413 · Cited by 56

Authors: Williamson, O. E.
Corresponding author: Williamson, Oliver E.
Venue: Administrative Science Quarterly
Publisher: JSTOR
Published: 1991-06
Volume: 36
Issue: 2
Pages: 269
ISSN: 0001-8392 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/2393356
OpenAlex: W2109280325
Cited by: 7,151
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 138 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 224 · 2021: 299 · 2020: 253 · 2019: 262 · 2018: 271 · 2017: 275 · 2016: 238 · 2015: 293 · 2014: 312 · 2013: 351 · 2012: 356
FWCI: 99.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Administrative Science Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Theory and Institutions
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management
Keywords: market organization, hybrid organizations, hierarchy, coordination mechanisms, control mechanisms, organizational adaptation, contract law, property rights, reputation effects, uncertainty, transaction costs, governance costs, institutional environment, organizational form choice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks