The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism
Abstract
Part 1 The individual and social nature of bilingualism: bilingualism - definitions and distinctions the measurement of bilingualism languages in society language revival and reversal the development of bilingualism second language acquisition theories of second language acquisition bilingualism and intelligence bilingualism and thinking cognitive theories of bilingualism and the curriculum. Part 2 Bilingual education and bilingual classrooms: types of bilingual education the effectiveness of bilingual education minority language learning, underachievement and biliteracy second language learning Canadian immersion classrooms a model and a framework of bilingual education the politics of bilingualism multiculturalism and anti-racism.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Translanguaging as a Practical Theory of Language
Wei, L. (2018) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amx039 · Cited by 2,907
Dis/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): theorizing at the intersections of race and dis/ability
Annamma, S. A., Connor, D., & Ferri, B. (2013) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2012.730511 · Cited by 1,272
Hoff, E. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027238 · Cited by 976
(2007) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 951
Translanguaging: origins and development from school to street and beyond
Lewis, G., Jones, B., & Baker, C. (2012) · Educational Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/13803611.2012.718488 · Cited by 924
Self-citation(1997) · Cited by 856
(2005) · Teacher education quarterly (Claremont, Calif.) · Cited by 466
Martínez, R. A., Hikida, M., & Durán, L. (2015) · International Multilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/19313152.2014.977712 · Cited by 290
Translanguaging in Bilingual Education
García, O., & Lin, A. M. Y. (2016) · Bilingual and Multilingual Education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02324-3_9-1 · Cited by 266
Bilingualism as Ideology and Practice
Heller, M. (2007) · Bilingualism: A Social Approach · doi:10.1057/9780230596047_1 · Cited by 214
LEUNG, C., & VALDÉS, G. (2019) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12568 · Cited by 205
Teachers’ Beliefs about Multilingualism in a Course on Translanguaging
Gorter, D., & Arocena, E. (2020) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2020.102272 · Cited by 168
Teaching minoritized students: Are additive approaches legitimate?
Cummins, J. (2017) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/1943-5045-87.3.404 · Cited by 153
Decolonizing Foreign, Second, Heritage, and First Languages.
García, O. (2019) · Decolonizing Foreign Language Education · doi:10.4324/9780429453113-6 · Cited by 150
Focus on Multilingualism as an Approach in Educational Contexts
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2014) · Educational Linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7856-6_13 · Cited by 119
Translanguaging in EFL Classrooms: Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices
Yuvayapan, F. (2019) · Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.17263/jlls.586811 · Cited by 118
Emergent bilingual students in secondary school: Along the academic language and literacy continuum
Menken, K. (2013) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444813000281 · Cited by 108
Bonacina-Pugh, F., da Costa Cabral, I., & Huang, J. (2021) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444821000173 · Cited by 107
Méndez García, M. D. C., & Pavón Vázquez, V. (2012) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2012.670195 · Cited by 101
Translanguaging as a Vehicle for L2 Acquisition and L1 Development: Students’ Perceptions
Carstens, A. (2016) · Language Matters · doi:10.1080/10228195.2016.1153135 · Cited by 90
(2012) · e_Buah · Cited by 89
Menken, K. (2013) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2013.804307 · Cited by 73
Bono, M., & Stratilaki, S. (2009) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790710902846749 · Cited by 71
Turnbull, B. (2019) · Bilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/15235882.2019.1589603 · Cited by 68
Using university students’ L1 as a resource: Translanguaging in a Puerto Rican ESL classroom
Carroll, K. S., & Sambolín Morales, A. N. (2016) · Bilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/15235882.2016.1240114 · Cited by 59
“Ma'iingan Is Just a Misspelling of the Word Wolf”: A Case for Teaching Culture through Language
HERMES, M. (2005) · Anthropology & Education Quarterly · doi:10.1525/aeq.2005.36.1.043 · Cited by 58
Precision Timing in Novice-to-Novice L2 Conversations
Carroll, D. (2000) · Issues in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.5070/l4111005025 · Cited by 56
Bilingual Education in the United States
Gándara, P., & Escamilla, K. (2017) · Bilingual and Multilingual Education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02258-1_33 · Cited by 55
Sembiante, S. (2016) · Curriculum Inquiry · doi:10.1080/03626784.2015.1133221 · Cited by 44
T(w)o and fro: using the L1 as a language teaching tool in the CLIL classroom
Gallagher, F., & Colohan, G. (2017) · The Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571736.2014.947382 · Cited by 43
Development of executive functioning in school-age Tunisian children.
Bellaj, T., Salhi, I., Le Gall, D., & Roy, A. (2016) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1058349 · Cited by 41
From ‘English-only’ to translanguaging strategies: Exploring possibilities
Mwinda, N., & van der Walt, C. (2015) · Per Linguam · doi:10.5785/31-3-620 · Cited by 35
Pictures and words: Spanish and English vocabulary in classrooms.
Branum-Martin, L., Mehta, P. D., Francis, D. J., Foorman, B. R., Cirino, P. T., Miller, J. F., & Iglesias, A. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015817 · Cited by 34
Language alternation and language norm in vocational content and language integrated learning
Kontio, J., & Sylvén, L. K. (2015) · The Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571736.2015.1053279 · Cited by 33
Rethinking Bilingual Pedagogy in Alsace: Translingual Writers and Translanguaging
Hélot, C. (2014) · Educational Linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7856-6_12 · Cited by 33
Putting translanguaging into practice: A view from England
Costley, T., & Leung, C. (2020) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2020.102270 · Cited by 24
Makgato, M. (2014) · Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p933 · Cited by 16
Briceño, A. (2018) · International Multilingual Research Journal · doi:10.1080/19313152.2018.1470436 · Cited by 13
Rajendram, S. (2019) · Unpublished · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.31489.61284 · Cited by 11
Barbosa, M. R. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada · doi:10.1590/1984-6398202016837 · Cited by 6
Great Aunt Edna’s Vase: Metaphor Use in Working With Heritage Language Families
Little, S. (2019) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480719833417 · Cited by 6
Teacher candidates’ language beliefs and their self-efficacy to teach emergent bilinguals
Lee, G., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Teachers and Teaching · doi:10.1080/13540602.2023.2282480 · Cited by 5
Dialogic Teaching and Translanguaging in Deaf Education
Swanwick, R. (2018) · Evidence-Based Practices in Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0004 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Gynan, S. N., & Baker, C.
- Venue
- The Modern Language Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 390
- ISSN
- 0026-7902 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094342469
- Cited by
- 3,055
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 146.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
