Altered brain response to drinking glucose and fructose in obese adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Increased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption has been linked to higher rates of obesity. Using functional MRI, we assessed brain perfusion responses to drinking two commonly consumed monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, in obese and lean adolescents. Marked differences were observed. In response to drinking glucose, obese adolescents exhibited decreased brain perfusion in brain regions involved in executive function (prefrontal cortex [PFC]) and increased perfusion in homeostatic appetite regions of the brain (hypothalamus). Conversely, in response to drinking glucose, lean adolescents demonstrated increased PFC brain perfusion and no change in perfusion in the hypothalamus. In addition, obese adolescents demonstrated attenuated suppression of serum acyl-ghrelin and increased circulating insulin level after glucose ingestion; furthermore, the change in acyl-ghrelin and insulin levels after both glucose and fructose ingestion was associated with increased hypothalamic, thalamic, and hippocampal blood flow in obese relative to lean adolescents. Additionally, in all subjects there was greater perfusion in the ventral striatum with fructose relative to glucose ingestion. Finally, reduced connectivity between executive, homeostatic, and hedonic brain regions was observed in obese adolescents. These data demonstrate that obese adolescents have impaired prefrontal executive control responses to drinking glucose and fructose, while their homeostatic and hedonic responses appear to be heightened. Thus, obesity-related brain adaptations to glucose and fructose consumption in obese adolescents may contribute to excessive consumption of glucose and fructose, thereby promoting further weight gain.
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Higher leptin levels associated with obesity predicted blunted ventromedial prefrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate activation to high-fat food images and to glucose and fructose intake in adolescents.
“higher leptin levels (associated with obesity) predicted blunted ventromedial prefrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate (VmPFC/rACC) activation to high fat food images and to glucose and fructose intake in adolescents”
From Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity (2018) · cites this paper as Jastreboff et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Jastreboff, A. M., Sinha, R., Arora, J., Giannini, C., Kubat, J., Malik, S., Van Name, M. A., Santoro, N., Savoye, M., Duran, E. J., Pierpont, B., Cline, G., Constable, R. T., Sherwin, R. S., & Caprio, S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Corresponding author
- Jastreboff, Ania M.
- Caprio, Sonia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2016-04-05
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1929-1939
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC5384636
- OpenAlex
- W2319856003
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1R01-DK-085577-01, P30-DK-045735, R37-DK-20495, R01-DK-099039, 5K12-DK-094714, 1K23-DK-101694)
- NIH (UL1-DE019586, UL1-RR024139, PL1-DA024859, UL1 TR000142)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- adolescent obesity, glucose, fructose, sugar-sweetened beverages, cerebral perfusion, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, acylated ghrelin, insulin, ventral striatum, brain connectivity, executive function, appetite regulation, hedonic eating, functional MRI
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Beverages, Blood Glucose, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Fructose, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Insulin, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Obesity, Ghrelin, Functional Neuroimaging
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