Persistent effects of obesity: A neuroplasticity hypothesis
Open accessAbstract
The obesity epidemic is a leading cause of health problems in the United States, increasing the risk of cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychiatric diseases. Although many people lose weight through changes in diet and lifestyle, keeping the weight off remains a challenge. Here, we discuss a hypothesis that seeks to explain why obesity is so persistent. There is a great degree of overlap in the circuits implicated in substance use disorder and obesity, and neural plasticity of these circuits in response to drugs of abuse is well documented. We hypothesize that obesity is also associated with neural plasticity in these circuits, and this may underlie persistent changes in behavior, energy balance, and body weight. Here, we discuss how obesity-associated reductions in motivation and physical activity may be rooted in neurophysiological alterations in these circuits. Such plasticity may alter how humans and animals use, expend, and store energy, even after weight loss.
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Obesity causes changes in opioid and DA signaling which alter reward processing.
“It is clear that obesity causes changes in opioid and DA signaling which alter reward processing [218].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [218]
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Siciliano, C. A., Calipari, E. S., Ferris, M. J., & Jones, S. R. (2014) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/cn5002705 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hryhorczuk, C., Décarie-Spain, L., Sharma, S., Daneault, C., Rosiers, C. D., Alquier, T., & Fulton, S. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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The genetics of obesity: From discovery to biology
Loos, R. J. F., & Yeo, G. S. H. (2022) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-021-00414-z · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., Avena, N., & Gold, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113521 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
- Authors
- Matikainen‐Ankney, B. A., & Kravitz, A. V.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kravitz, Alexxai V.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-05-09
- Volume
- 1428
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 221-239
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC6158064
- OpenAlex
- W2799288713
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 246
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- obesity, neuroplasticity, energy balance, drug addiction, motivation, physical activity, weight loss, energy expenditure, energy storage, psychiatric comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Glutamates, Humans, Hypothalamus, Inflammation, Motivation, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Obesity, Receptors, Opioid, Recurrence, Weight Loss, Exercise, Comorbidity, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Ventral Tegmental Area, Substance-Related Disorders, Rats, Diet, High-Fat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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