Expression of receptors for insulin and leptin in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) of the rat
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the metabolic hormones insulin and leptin can modulate behavioral performance in reward-related paradigms. However, specific anatomical substrate(s) within the CNS for these effects remain to be identified. We hypothesize that midbrain dopamine neurons, which have been implicated to be critical in the mediation of motivational and reward aspects of stimuli, contribute to these behavioral effects of insulin and leptin. As one approach to evaluate this hypothesis, we used double-labeling fluorescence immunohistochemistry to determine whether the midbrain dopamine neurons express insulin receptors or leptin receptors. Extensive co-expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker for dopamine neurons) with both the insulin receptor and the leptin receptor was observed in the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra. These findings suggest that midbrain dopamine neurons are direct targets of insulin and leptin, and that they participate in mediating the effects of these hormones on reward-seeking behavior.
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Leptin receptors are widely expressed in several extra-hypothalamic regions, including dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
“Leptin receptors are widely expressed in several extra-hypothalamic regions, including dopaminergic neurons in SN.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [595]
VTA and/or NAc neurons express receptors for GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, orexin, and melanocortin.
“neurons in the VTA and/or NAc express GLP-1 (24,25), ghrelin (26,27), leptin (28,29), insulin (30), orexin (31) and melanocortin receptors (32).”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [28]
VTA and/or NAc neurons express receptors for GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, orexin, and melanocortin.
“Moreover, neurons in VTA and/or nucleus accumbens (NAc) express glucagon-like peptide-1 (11,12), ghrelin (13,14), leptin (15,16), insulin (17), orexin (18), and melanocortin receptors (19).”
From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
Functional leptin receptors are expressed in the hippocampus, hindbrain including the NTS, pyriform cortex and other olfactory processing areas, and mesolimbic reward areas including the VTA and SN.
“functional leptin receptors are expressed in the hippocampus, hindbrain (including the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS)), pyriform cortex and other olfactory processing areas, and in mesolimbic areas involved in reward including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) (61, 72).”
From Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism (2011) · cites this paper as [61]
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- Authors
- Figlewicz, D. P., Evans, S. B., Murphy, J., Hoen, M., & Baskin, D. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Figlewicz, D.P
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 964
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-115
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094419252
- Cited by
- 482
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK40963, DK-17047, R01DK040963, P30DK017047)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- insulin receptor, leptin receptor, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, tyrosine hydroxylase, reward-seeking behavior, metabolic hormones, dopaminergic neurons
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Dopamine, Feeding Behavior, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Insulin, Male, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Receptors, Cell Surface, Receptor, Insulin, Reward, Substantia Nigra, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ventral Tegmental Area, Leptin, Rats, Receptors, Leptin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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