Inverse Association Between BMI and Prefrontal Metabolic Activity in Healthy Adults
Open accessAbstract
Obesity has been associated with a higher risk for impaired cognitive function, which most likely reflects associated medical complications (i.e., cerebrovascular pathology). However, there is also evidence that in healthy individuals excess weight may adversely affect cognition (executive function, attention, and memory). Here, we measured regional brain glucose metabolism (using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2‐deoxy‐2[18 F]fluoro‐d‐glucose (FDG)) to assess the relationship between BMI and brain metabolism (marker of brain function) in 21 healthy controls (BMI range 19–37 kg/m 2) studied during baseline (no stimulation) and during cognitive stimulation (numerical calculations). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) revealed a significant negative correlation between BMI and metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 10, 11, 44) and cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 32) but not in other regions. Moreover, baseline metabolism in these prefrontal regions was positively associated with performance on tests of memory (California Verbal Learning Test) and executive function (Stroop Interference and Symbol Digit Modality tests). In contrast, the regional brain changes during cognitive stimulation were not associated with BMI nor with neuropsychological performance. The observed association between higher BMI and lower baseline prefrontal metabolism may underlie the impaired performance reported in healthy obese individuals on some cognitive tests of executive function. On the other hand, the lack of an association between BMI and brain metabolic activation during cognitive stimulation indicates that BMI does not influence brain glucose utilization during cognitive performance. These results further highlight the urgency to institute public health interventions to prevent obesity.
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Negative correlation between BMI and striatal D2R in obese and overweight individuals, and correlation between BMI and decreased prefrontal blood flow in healthy individuals and decreased prefrontal metabolism in obese subjects, support this.
“the negative correlation between BMI and striatal D2R reported in obese (81) and in overweight (96) individuals, as well as the correlation between BMI and decreased blood flow in prefrontal regions in healthy individuals (97,98) and decreased prefrontal metabolism in obese subjects (63) support this.”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [98]
A nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in healthy middle-aged and elderly controls showed BMI negatively associated with N-acetyl-aspartate levels in frontal cortex and ACC.
“Similarly, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in healthy middle age and elderly controls showed that BMI was negatively associated with the levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (a marker of neuronal integrity) in frontal cortex and ACC (98,127).”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [98]
In that PET study, metabolic activity in prefrontal regions predicted subjects' performance in tests of executive function.
“In this study, the metabolic activity in prefrontal regions predicted the subjects’ performance in tests of executive function (98).”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [98]
Using PET to measure brain glucose metabolism in healthy controls, the authors reported a negative correlation between BMI and metabolic activity in DLPFC, OFC, and ACC.
“Using PET to measure brain glucose metabolism in healthy controls, we reported a negative correlation between BMI and metabolic activity in DLPFC, OFC and ACC.”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [98]
In healthy controls, BMI was negatively correlated with metabolic activity in prefrontal regions whose activity predicted executive function test scores.
“Similarly, in healthy control subjects, BMI was negatively correlated with metabolic activity in prefrontal regions for which the activity predicted the scores on tests of executive function (87).”
From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [87]
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- Authors
- Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Goldstein, R. Z., Alia‐Klein, N., Logan, J., Wong, C., Thanos, P. K., Ma, Y., & Pradhan, K.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US)
- Corresponding author
- Volkow, Nora D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-65
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC2681079
- OpenAlex
- W2167996855
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 8.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (76CH00016, DE-AC01-76CH00016)
- National Institutes of Health (DE-AC01-76CH00016)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (DE-AC01-76CH00016, Z01AA000550)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA06278-15, R01DA006278)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- body mass index, prefrontal cortex, brain glucose metabolism, regional brain metabolism, executive function, memory, cognitive stimulation, cingulate gyrus, healthy adults, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Values, Wechsler Scales, Body Mass Index, Prefrontal Cortex, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
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