Continuous glucose monitoring in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic

Agarwal, Shivani; Mathew, Justin; Davis, Georgia M.; Shephardson, Alethea; Levine, Ann; Louard, Rita; Urrutia, Agustina; Perez-Guzman, Citlalli; Umpierrez, Guillermo E.; Peng, Limin; Pasquel, Francisco J.

doi:10.2337/dc20-2219

Cited by 138Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and Management

Continuous glucose monitoring in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Agarwal, Shivani, Mathew, Justin, Davis, Georgia M., Shephardson, Alethea, Levine, Ann, Louard, Rita, Urrutia, Agustina, Perez-Guzman, Citlalli +3 more·2021·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc20-2219PMC PMC7896255

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in critically ill hospitalized patients holds promise; however, real-world data are needed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We placed Dexcom G6 CGM on intensive care unit (ICU) patients at Montefiore Medical Center with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and glycemic variability. We analyzed inpatient CGM accuracy using point-of-care (POC) glucose–CGM matched pairs and included patients for analysis regardless of clinical status. RESULTS: We included 11 patients with CGM: 8 on continuous insulin infusion (CII), 8 on vasopressors, 8 intubated, 4 on high-dose glucocorticoids, 6 on renal replacement therapy, and 2 with anasarca. Accuracy was 12.58% for mean and 6.3% for median absolute relative difference. CGM reduced POC testing by ∼60% for patients on CII. CONCLUSIONS: In this real-world preliminary analysis of rtCGM during critical illness, we demonstrate early feasibility, considerable accuracy, and meaningful reduction in the frequency of POC glucose testing.

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Some glucose meters are approved for hospital use in ICU and non-ICU patients.
“Some glucose meters received approval for hospital use among persons in the ICU and non-ICU setting.1385”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1385]
The RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS section says the FDA issued a statement of nonobjection to inpatient continuous glucose monitoring during the pandemic, after which the hospital allowed its use in the ICU. That supports permitted ICU use, but not the claim that glucose meters received formal approval for use in both ICU and non-ICU patients. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
This approach was taken to reduce PPE use and more closely monitor patients so health care personnel do not have to enter a patient room solely to measure glucose.
“This approach has been taken to reduce the use of personal protective equipment and more closely monitor patients so that health care personnel do not have to go into a patient room solely to measure a glucose level (283-286).”
From 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [285]

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Accuracy and Glycemic Efficacy of Continuous Glucose Monitors in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study
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Authors: Agarwal, S., Mathew, J., Davis, G. M., Shephardson, A., Levine, A., Louard, R., Urrutia, A., Perez-Guzman, C., Umpierrez, G. E., Peng, L., & Pasquel, F. J.
Affiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Montefiore Medical Center (US)
Emory University (US)
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
Corresponding author: Agarwal, Shivani
ORCID: Agarwal, Shivani
Mathew, Justin
Davis, Georgia M.
Umpierrez, Guillermo E.
Pasquel, Francisco J.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2020-12-23
Volume: 44
Issue: 3
Pages: 847-849
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2219
PMC: PMC7896255
OpenAlex: W3116376734
Cited by: 138
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 19
FWCI: 15.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license (vor, 58 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Sanofi
Emory University (UL1 TR002378)
Dexcom
Novo Nordisk
National Institutes of Health (COVID-19, P30DK111024-05S, UL1TR002378)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (K23GM128221)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK115896, K23DK122199, P30DK111024, P30DK111022)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care unit, critically ill patients, glycemic variability, Dexcom G6, CGM accuracy, point-of-care glucose testing, continuous insulin infusion, vasopressors, renal replacement therapy, glucocorticoids, intubation, anasarca
MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Critical Care, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Critical Illness, Point-of-Care Systems, Pandemics

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Continuous glucose monitoring in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic

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