Cited by 137Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and EducationDiabetes Treatment and Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Improving the Clinical Value and Utility of CGM Systems: Issues and Recommendations

Open access

Petrie, John R., Peters, Anne L., Bergenstal, Richard M., Holl, Reinhard W., Fleming, G. Alexander, Heinemann, Lutz·2017·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dci17-0043

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The first systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) became available over 15 years ago. Many then believed CGM would revolutionize the use of intensive insulin therapy in diabetes; however, progress toward that vision has been gradual. Although increasing, the proportion of individuals using CGM rather than conventional systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose on a daily basis is still low in most parts of the world. Barriers to uptake include cost, measurement reliability (particularly with earlier-generation systems), human factors issues, lack of a standardized format for displaying results, and uncertainty on how best to use CGM data to make therapeutic decisions. This Scientific Statement makes recommendations for systemic improvements in clinical use and regulatory (pre- and postmarketing) handling of CGM devices. The aim is to improve safety and efficacy in order to support the advancement of the technology in achieving its potential to improve quality of life and health outcomes for more people with diabetes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/dci17-0043

Cites

52 of 52 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: New concepts are needed to study research participation effects
McCambridge, J., Witton, J., & Elbourne, D. R. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015 · Cited by 2,748
Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0805017 · Cited by 1,559
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Bergenstal, R., Haller, S., Kollman, C., Kruger, D., McGill, J. B., Polonsky, W., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19975 · Cited by 1,185
Self-citation
Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial
Bolinder, J., Antuna, R., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P., Kröger, J., & Weitgasser, R. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31535-5 · Cited by 893
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Review of Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities
Rodbard, D. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0417 · Cited by 768
Threshold-based insulin-pump interruption for reduction of hypoglycemia
Bergenstal, R. M., Klonoff, D. C., Garg, S. K., Bode, B. W., Meredith, M., Slover, R. H., Ahmann, A. J., Welsh, J. B., Lee, S. W., & Kaufman, F. R. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1303576 · Cited by 652
Self-citation
Safety of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in patients with type 1 diabetes
Bergenstal, R. M., Garg, S., Weinzimer, S. A., Buckingham, B. A., Bode, B. W., Tamborlane, W. V., & Kaufman, F. R. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.11708 · Cited by 644
Self-citation
Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial
Haak, T., Hanaire, H., Ajjan, R., Hermanns, N., Riveline, J.-P., & Rayman, G. (2017) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6 · Cited by 623
Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) should be reported in clinical trials: A joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
International Hypoglycaemia Study Group (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-2215 · Cited by 608
Glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes during real time continuous glucose monitoring compared with self monitoring of blood glucose: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials using individual patient data
Pickup, J. C., Freeman, S. C., & Sutton, A. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d3805 · Cited by 541
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Methods of Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yeh, H.-C., Brown, T. T., Maruthur, N., Ranasinghe, P., Berger, Z., Suh, Y. D., Wilson, L. M., Haberl, E. B., Brick, J., Bass, E. B., et al. (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00508 · Cited by 493
Effect of Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy and Automated Insulin Suspension vs Standard Insulin Pump Therapy on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Ly, T. T., Nicholas, J. A., Retterath, A., Lim, E. M., Davis, E. A., & Jones, T. W. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.277818 · Cited by 411
Standardizing clinically meaningful outcome measures beyond HbA1c for type 1 diabetes: a consensus report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange
Agiostratidou, G., Anhalt, H., Ball, D., Blonde, L., Gourgari, E., Harriman, K. N., Kowalski, A. J., Madden, P., McAuliffe-Fogarty, A. H., McElwee-Malloy, M., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1624 · Cited by 397
Self-citation
Continuous glucose monitoring for patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IN CONTROL): a randomised, open-label, crossover trial
van Beers, C. A. J., DeVries, J. H., Kleijer, S. J., Smits, M. M., Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P. H., Kramer, M. H. H., Diamant, M., Snoek, F. J., & Serné, E. H. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30193-0 · Cited by 386
Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/l (54 mg/dl) should be reported in clinical trials: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the Europian Association for the Study of Diabetes
The International Hypoglycaemia Study Group (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4146-6 · Cited by 367
REPLACE-BG: a randomized trial comparing continuous glucose monitoring with and without routine blood glucose monitoring in adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes
Aleppo, G., Ruedy, K. J., Riddlesworth, T. D., Kruger, D. F., Peters, A. L., Hirsch, I., Bergenstal, R. M., Toschi, E., Ahmann, A. J., Shah, V. N., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-2482 · Cited by 329
Self-citation
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring among participants in the T1D Exchange clinic registry
Wong, J. C., Foster, N. C., Maahs, D. M., Raghinaru, D., Bergenstal, R. M., Ahmann, A. J., Peters, A. L., Bode, B. W., Aleppo, G., Hirsch, I. B., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0303 · Cited by 318
Self-citation
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Vigersky, R. A., Fonda, S. J., Chellappa, M., Walker, M. S., & Ehrhardt, N. M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1438 · Cited by 312
Recommendations for standardizing glucose reporting and analysis to optimize clinical decision making in diabetes: the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP)
Bergenstal, R. M., Ahmann, A. J., Bailey, T., Beck, R. W., Bissen, J., Buckingham, B., Deeb, L., Dolin, R. H., Garg, S. K., Goland, R., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0051 · Cited by 307 · cited 2×
“consensus on definitions of the various levels of time in range and hypoglycemia (in clinical practice and by CGM) is urgently required among payers and providers (21,43).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Glucose Variability: Timing, Risk Analysis, and Relationship to Hypoglycemia in Diabetes
Kovatchev, B. P., & Cobelli, C. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2035 · Cited by 276
Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Langendam, M., Luijf, Y. M., Hooft, L., DeVries, J. H., Mudde, A. H., & Scholten, R. J. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008101.pub2 · Cited by 262
Physiological Differences Between Interstitial Glucose and Blood Glucose Measured in Human Subjects
Kulcu, E., Tamada, J. A., Reach, G., Potts, R. O., & Lesho, M. J. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.8.2405 · Cited by 252
Diabetes technology-continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in adults: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
Peters, A. L., Ahmann, A. J., Battelino, T., Evert, A., Hirsch, I. B., Murad, M. H., Winter, W. E., & Wolpert, H. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2534 · Cited by 250
Self-citation
Use of a real time continuous glucose monitoring system as a motivational device for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
Yoo, H. J., An, H. G., Park, S. Y., Ryu, O. H., Kim, H. Y., Seo, J. A., Hong, E. G., Shin, D. H., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. G., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.06.015 · Cited by 244
Continuous glucose monitoring: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Klonoff, D. C., Buckingham, B., Christiansen, J. S., Montori, V. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Vigersky, R. A., & Wolpert, H. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2756 · Cited by 211
Outcome measures for artificial pancreas clinical trials: a consensus report
Maahs, D. M., Buckingham, B. A., Castle, J. R., Cinar, A., Damiano, E. R., Dassau, E., DeVries, J. H., Doyle, F. J., Griffen, S. C., Haidar, A., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2716 · Cited by 211
Self-citation
The effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ehrhardt, N. M., Chellappa, M., Walker, M. S., Fonda, S. J., & Vigersky, R. A. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500320 · Cited by 199
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glucose control in diabetes
Poolsup, N., Suksomboon, N., & Kyaw, A. M. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-39 · Cited by 179
Accuracy and Longevity of an Implantable Continuous Glucose Sensor in the PRECISE Study: A 180-Day, Prospective, Multicenter, Pivotal Trial
Kropff, J., Choudhary, P., Neupane, S., Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Bain, S. C., Kapitza, C., Forst, T. M., Link, M., DEHENNIS, A. D., & DeVries, J. H. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1525 · Cited by 171
Insulin Pump Risks and Benefits: A Clinical Appraisal of Pump Safety Standards, Adverse Event Reporting, and Research Needs
Heinemann, L., Fleming, G. A., Petrie, J. R., Holl, R. W., Bergenstal, R. M., & Peters, A. L. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0168 · Cited by 143
Self-citation
Predictive Low-Glucose Insulin Suspension Reduces Duration of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Children Without Increasing Ketosis
Buckingham, B. A., Raghinaru, D., Cameron, F., Bequette, B. W., Chase, H. P., Maahs, D. M., Slover, R. H., Wadwa, R. P., Wilson, D. M., Ly, T. T., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-3053 · Cited by 140
Efficacy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Improving Glycemic Control and Reducing Hypoglycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Gandhi, G. Y., Kovalaske, M. A., Kudva, Y. C., Walsh, K., Elamin, M. B., Beers, M. C., Coyle, C., Goalen, M. J., Murad, M. S., Erwin, P. J., et al. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500419 · Cited by 136
American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists And American College Of Endocrinology 2016 Outpatient Glucose Monitoring Consensus Statement
Bailey, T. S., Grunberger, G., Bode, B. W., Handelsman, Y., Hirsch, I. B., Jovanovič, L., Roberts, V. L., Rodbard, D., Tamborlane, W. V., & Walsh, J. S. A. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep151124.cs · Cited by 130
CGM Versus FGM; or, Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Not Flash Glucose Monitoring
Heinemann, L., & Freckmann, G. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815603528 · Cited by 128
Self-citation
Multinational Home Use of Closed-Loop Control Is Safe and Effective
Anderson, S. M., Raghinaru, D., Pinsker, J. E., Boscari, F., Renard, E., Buckingham, B. A., Nimri, R., Doyle, F. J., Brown, S. A., Keith-Hynes, P., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2468 · Cited by 120
Discrepancies Between Blood Glucose and Interstitial Glucose—Technological Artifacts or Physiology: Implications for Selection of the Appropriate Therapeutic Target
Siegmund, T., Heinemann, L., Kolassa, R., & Thomas, A. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296817699637 · Cited by 108
Self-citation
Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Golicki, D., Golicka, D., Groele, L., & Pańkowska, E. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0884-9 · Cited by 88
A Patient-Designed Do-It-Yourself Mobile Technology System for Diabetes
Lee, J. M., Hirschfeld, E., & Wedding, J. P. E. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1903 · Cited by 77
Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Floyd, B. D., Chandra, P., Hall, S., Phillips, C. J., Alema‐Mensah, E., Strayhorn, G., Ofili, E., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681200600513 · Cited by 75
Integrated sensor-augmented pump therapy systems [the MiniMed® Paradigm™ Veo system and the Vibe™ and G4® PLATINUM CGM (continuous glucose monitoring) system] for managing blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation
Riemsma, R., Ramos, I. C., Birnie, R., Büyükkaramikli, N., Armstrong, N., Ryder, S., Duffy, S., Worthy, G., Al, M., Severens, J. L., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20170 · Cited by 75
The Impact of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients 65 Years and Older
Polonsky, W. H., Peters, A. L., & Hessler, D. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816643542 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Comparison of Two Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems, Dexcom G4 Platinum and Medtronic Paradigm Veo Enlite System, at Rest and During Exercise
Taleb, N., Emami, A., Suppère, C., Messier, V., Legault, L., Chiasson, J., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., & Haidar, A. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0394 · Cited by 62
The Evidence Base for Diabetes Technology: Appropriate and Inappropriate Meta-Analysis
Pickup, J. C. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681300700617 · Cited by 57
Reimbursement for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A European View
Heinemann, L., Franc, S., Phillip, M., Battelino, T., Ampudia‐Blasco, F. J., Bolinder, J., Diem, P., Pickup, J. C., & DeVries, J. H. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681200600631 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
SPECTRUM
Gehr, B., Holder, M., Kulzer, B., Lange, K., Liebl, A., Sahm, C., von Sengbusch, S., Schlüter, S., Siegmund, T., Thurm, U., et al. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816661735 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
Use of Glucose Rate of Change Arrows to Adjust Insulin Therapy Among Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Who Use Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Pettus, J., & Edelman, S. V. (2016) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0369 · Cited by 38
Design and Methods of a Randomized Trial of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes With Impaired Glycemic Control Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (GOLD Study)
Lind, M., Polonsky, W. H., Hirsch, I. B., Heise, T., Bolinder, J., Dahlqvist, S., Pehrsson, N.-G., & Moström, P. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816642578 · Cited by 27
Differences in Use of Glucose Rate of Change (ROC) Arrows to Adjust Insulin Therapy Among Individuals With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
Pettus, J., & Edelman, S. V. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816639069 · Cited by 26
Now Is the Time for a Cybersecurity Standard for Connected Diabetes Devices
Klonoff, D. C., & Kleidermacher, D. N. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296816647516 · Cited by 21
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Can We Do Better With Artificial Pancreas Devices?
Barnard, K. D., Kubiak, T., Hermanns, N., & Heinemann, L. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-3044 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
IQWiG Reanalyzes and Raises Questions About an Article by Ly et al Which Concluded Low Glucose Suspend Is Very Beneficial
Heinemann, L., & Hermanns, N. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296815597918 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Methods for Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness [Internet]
Golden, S. H., Brown, T. T., Yeh, H., Maruthur, N. M., Ranasinghe, P. D., Berger, Z. D., Suh, Y. D., Wilson, L. M., Haberl, E. B., & Bass, E. B. (2012) · Cited by 8

Sorted by citations

Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range
Battelino, T., Danne, T., Bergenstal, R. M., Amiel, S. A., Beck, R., Biester, T., Bosi, E., Buckingham, B. A., Cefalu, W. T., Close, K. L., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0028 · Cited by 4,237
Self-citation
Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Metrics of Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Maiorino, M. I., Signoriello, S., Maio, A., Chiodini, P., Bellastella, G., Scappaticcio, L., Longo, M., Giugliano, D., & Esposito, K. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1459 · Cited by 364
Glycemic variability: adverse clinical outcomes and how to improve it?
Zhou, Z. G., Sun, B., Huang, S., Zhu, C., & Bian, M. (2020) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01085-6 · Cited by 273
Review of methods for detecting glycemic disorders
Bergman, M., Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., DeFronzo, R. A., Manco, M., Sesti, G., Fiorentino, T. V., Ceriello, A., Rhee, M. K., Phillips, L. S., Chung, S. T., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108233 · Cited by 210
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices: Past, Present, and Future Focus on the History and Evolution of Technological Innovation
Didyuk, O., Econom, N., Guardia, A., Livingston, K., & Klueh, U. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296819899394 · Cited by 175

See all 137

Authors: Petrie, J. R., Peters, A. L., Bergenstal, R. M., Holl, R. W., Fleming, G. A., & Heinemann, L.
Affiliations: University of Glasgow (GB)
University of Southern California (US)
Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
Universität Ulm (DE)
Kinexum, Harpers Ferry, WV
Science & Co, Dusseldorf, Germany
Corresponding author: Petrie, John R.
ORCID: Petrie, John R.
Peters, Anne L.
Bergenstal, Richard M.
Holl, Reinhard W.
Fleming, G. Alexander
Heinemann, Lutz
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2017-10-25
Volume: 40
Issue: 12
Pages: 1614-1621
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dci17-0043
OpenAlex: W2766548367
Cited by: 135
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 2.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license (vor, 27 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes management, intensive insulin therapy, measurement reliability, human factors, regulatory oversight, self-monitoring of blood glucose
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Europe, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Quality of Life, Societies, Medical, United States, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Improving the Clinical Value and Utility of CGM Systems: Issues and Recommendations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks