Continuous glucose monitoring: a consensus conference of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology
Open accessAbstract
Objective/methods Barriers to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use continue to hamper adoption of this valuable technology for the management of diabetes. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology convened a public consensus conference February 20, 2016, to review available CGM data and propose strategies for expanding CGM access.Results Conference participants agreed that evidence supports the benefits of CGM in type 1 diabetes and that these benefits are likely to apply whenever intensive insulin therapy is used, regardless of diabetes type. CGM is likely to reduce healthcare resource utilization for acute and chronic complications, although real-world analyses are needed to confirm potential cost savings and quality of life improvements. Ongoing technological advances have improved CGM accuracy and usability, but more innovations in human factors, data delivery, reporting, and interpretation are needed to foster expanded use. The development of a standardized data report using similar metrics across all devices would facilitate clinician and patient understanding and utilization of CGM. Expanded CGM coverage by government and private payers is an urgent need.Conclusion CGM improves glycemic control, reduces hypoglycemia, and may reduce overall costs of diabetes management. Expanding CGM coverage and utilization is likely to improve the health outcomes of people with diabetes.Abbreviations A1C = glycated hemoglobin AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ACE = American College of Endocrinology ASPIRE = Automation to Simulate Pancreatic Insulin Response CGM = continuous glucose monitoring HRQOL = health-related quality of life ICER = incremental cost-effectiveness ratio JDRF = Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation MARD = mean absolute relative difference MDI = multiple daily injections QALY = quality-adjusted life years RCT = randomized, controlled trial SAP = sensor-augmented pump SMBG = self-monitoring of blood glucose STAR = Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy for A1C Reduction T1D = type 1 diabetes T2D = type 2 diabetes.
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In many countries, the benefits and utility of CGM are now recognized by national and international medical organizations for individuals with insulin-requiring diabetes and/or those at risk for hypoglycemia.
“In many countries, the benefits and utility of CGM are now recognized by national and international medical organizations for individuals with insulin-requiring diabetes and/or those at risk for hypoglycemia (16-21).”
From Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
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The Future of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
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Flash Glucose Monitoring: The Future Is Here
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Personal Versus Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring: When to Use Which on Whom
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Clinical Approach to Flash Glucose Monitoring: An Expert Recommendation
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The Ambulatory Glucose Profile: Opportunities for Enhancement
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- Authors
- Fonseca, V. A., Grunberger, G., Anhalt, H., Bailey, T. S., Blevins, T., Garg, S. K., Handelsman, Y., Hirsch, I. B., Orzeck, E. A., Roberts, V. L., & Tamborlane, W.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- Oakland University (US)
- T1D Exchange (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Central Florida (US)
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Endocrine Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1008-1021
- ISSN
- 1530-891X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2406099149
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 33.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Endocrine Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, diabetes management, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, intensive insulin therapy, glycemic control, hypoglycemia, healthcare resource utilization, cost-effectiveness, insurance coverage, sensor-augmented pump therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose, health-related quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Endocrinology, Humans, Quality of Life, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Consensus
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