The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study. A review
Abstract
The objective of the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), initiated in 1977, was set up to determine whether improved blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes will prevent the complications of diabetes. The UKPDS was also designed to determine whether there are differences between conventional policy (diet therapy) and three different regimens of intensive treatment policy, based on sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin. Interim efficacy analyses revealed that the intensive policies with sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin were equally effective in reducing fasting plasma glucose concentrations. However, glucose and HbA1c measurements steadily increased with time, reflecting ongoing deterioration of beta-cell function. Cardiovascular disease was the major cause of complications, and the risk factors included raised LDL cholesterol concentrations, low HDL cholesterol concentrations, elevated blood pressure, elevated HbA1c concentrations, and smoking. A final study report was issued in September 1998, when the median duration of therapy was 11 years.
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The UK Prospective Diabetes Study showed the importance of dyslipidaemia for cardiovascular disease risk in people with type 2 diabetes.
“The UK prospective diabetes study showed the importance of dyslipidaemia for cardiovascular disease risk in people with T2D.59”
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BackgroundCasiglia, E., Zanette, G., Mazza, A., Donadon, V., Donada, C., PIZZIOL, A., Tikhonoff, V., Palatini, P., & Pessina, A. C. (2000) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/a:1007673123716 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Finally, according with the results of United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study [86], retinopathy was not a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in NIDDM.”
ResultFrom Endothelial Dysfunction to Arterial Stiffness in Diabetes Mellitus
Giraldo-Grueso, M., & Echeverri, D. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399814666181017120415 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ellis, A., Cheng, Z.-J., Li, Y., Jiang, Y. F., Yang, J., Pannirselvam, M., Ding, H., Hollenberg, M. D., & Triggle, C. R. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.042 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Role of islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: consequence or cause?
Höppener, J. W. M., Nieuwenhuis, M. G., Feltkamp‐Vroom, T. M., Åhrén, B., & Lips, C. J. M. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00266-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lu, J., Ying, Z., Wang, P., Fu, M., Han, C., & Zhang, M. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15328 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Furman, B. L., Pyne, N. J., Flatt, P. R., & O'Harte, F. P. M. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/0022357044805 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“GLP-1 and GIP exert their insulinotropic actions through activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Thorens 1992; Usdin et al 1993).”
BackgroundThe role of anti-diabetic drugs in NAFLD. Have we found the Holy Grail? A narrative review
Zachou, M., Flevari, P., Ansari, N. N., Varytimiadis, C., Kalaitzakis, E., Kassi, E. N., & Ανδρουτσάκος, Θ. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-023-03586-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…onset diabetes starting metformin treatment and being followed up for up to 2 years, showed worsening in liver fibrosis (as expressed by means of the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4)), but improvement in the hepatic steatosis (HIS) index, further complicating the role of metformin in these patients [57].”
BackgroundThe natural history of diabetes‐related complications: the UKPDS experience
Matthews, D. R. (1999) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.1999.0010s2007.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jayasinghe, U. W., Harris, M., Taggart, J., et al. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-102 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in diabetes patients [34].”
BackgroundAssistência ao diabetes no Sistema Único de Saúde: análise do modelo atual
Guidoni, C. M., Olivera, C. M. X., de Freitas, O., et al. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1590/s1984-82502009000100005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“A HAS é comum em pacientes portadores de DM2, com uma prevalência de 40-60%, na faixa etária de 45-75 anos (UKPDS, 1998b).”
BackgroundInfluentialExcess Costs of Diabetes in the Aboriginal Population of Manitoba, Canada
Jacobs, P., Blanchard, J., James, R. C., & Depew, N. (2000) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03404293 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Buse, J. B., Polonsky, K. S., & Burant, C. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0324-5.00031-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Of mice and men: Is there a future for metformin in the treatment of hepatic steatosis?
Green, C., Marjot, T., Tomlinson, J., & Hodson, L. (2018) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13592 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study showed that metformin improved glucose control, and reduced diabetes-related endpoints and mortality.(12) Given the clear benefits of metformin in individuals”
BackgroundComplications of Diabetes Mellitus
Brownlee, M., Aiello, L. P., Cooper, M. E., Vinik, A. I., Plutzky, J., & Boulton, A. J. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29738-7.00033-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Turner, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Turner, Robert C
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1998-12-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- Supplement_3
- Pages
- C35-C38
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2067958701
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- UK Prospective Diabetes Study, type 2 diabetes, tight glycemic control, glycemic control, sulfonylureas, metformin, insulin therapy, beta-cell function, cardiovascular complications, cardiovascular risk factors, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, HbA1c, dietary therapy
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Demography, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diet, Diabetic, Follow-Up Studies, United Kingdom, Humans, Hypertension, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies
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