Cited by 654Pancreatic function and diabetesEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseDiabetes Treatment and Management

The Role of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus

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Gerber, Philipp A., Rutter, Guy A.·2017·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Abstract

Significance: Metabolic syndrome is a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a disease that currently affects ∼8% of the adult population worldwide. Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and loss are central to the disease process, although understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still fragmentary. Recent Advances: Oversupply of nutrients, including glucose and fatty acids, and the subsequent overstimulation of beta cells, are believed to be an important contributor to insulin secretory failure in T2D. Hypoxia has also recently been implicated in beta-cell damage. Accumulating evidence points to a role for oxidative stress in both processes. Although the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results from enhanced mitochondrial respiration during stimulation with glucose and other fuels, the expression of antioxidant defense genes is unusually low (or disallowed) in beta cells. Critical Issues: Not all subjects with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia go on to develop full-blown diabetes, implying an important role in disease risk for gene–environment interactions. Possession of common risk alleles at the SLC30A8 locus, encoding the beta-cell granule zinc transporter ZnT8, may affect cytosolic Zn 2+ concentrations and thus susceptibility to hypoxia and oxidative stress. Future Directions: Loss of normal beta-cell function, rather than total mass, is increasingly considered to be the major driver for impaired insulin secretion in diabetes. Better understanding of the role of oxidative changes, its modulation by genes involved in disease risk, and effects on beta-cell identity may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to this disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal . 26, 501–518.

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  • In pancreatic β cells, excessive HIF-1α signaling driven by hypoxia, glucotoxicity, or oxidative stress impairs mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production, compromising glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

    “In pancreatic β cells, excessive HIF-1α signaling - driven by hypoxia, glucotoxicity, or oxidative stress - impairs mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production, thereby compromising glucose stimulated insulin secretion [[238], [239], [240]].”

    From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [240]

    The section “Roles of hypoxia-inducible factors in pancreatic beta cells” (page unavailable) links sustained HIF activation to disturbed beta-cell function and impaired glucose tolerance in VHL-deficient mice. But it reports that fasting insulin secretion was unchanged or increased, probably because ATP production rose—not that HIF signaling reduced ATP production. The passages also do not establish glucotoxicity or oxidative stress as drivers of the HIF-mediated effect claimed here. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Gerber, P. A., & Rutter, G. A.
Affiliations
  • University Hospital Zurich (CH)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Rutter, Guy A.
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Published
2017-04
Volume
26
Issue
10
Pages
501-518
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
OpenAlex
W2405977822
Cited by
654
References
218
Citations by year
2026: 50 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 3
FWCI
7.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
  • Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (FP7/2007–2013, WT098424AIA)
  • European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (FP7/20072013)
  • Diabetes UK (11/0004210)
  • European Commission (2007–2013, FP7 2007-2013, FP7/2007)
  • Universitätsspital Zürich
  • Innovative Medicines Initiative (FP7/2007‐2013, 155005)
  • Directorate for Biological Sciences
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K001981/1, MR/J0003042/1)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J015873/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
oxidative stress, hypoxia, beta-cell dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defense genes, metabolic syndrome, SLC30A8, zinc transporter 8, zinc, gene-environment interaction, beta-cell identity
MeSH terms
Animals, Hypoxia, Antioxidants, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Mitochondria, Zinc, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells

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