Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship of type 2 diabetes to cognitive function in community-dwelling women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—From 1995 to 1999, we administered four tests of cognitive function (Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status [TICS], immediate and delayed recall of the East Boston Memory Test, and verbal fluency) by telephone to 2,374 participants (70–78 years of age) of the Nurses’ Health Study. Information on diabetes was collected biennially beginning in 1976; 82 women reported type 2 diabetes before their cognitive testing. We used linear and logistic regression models to calculate multivariate-adjusted mean differences in scores and relative risks of a low score (bottom 10% of the distribution) for diabetic women compared with nondiabetic women. RESULTS—After multivariate adjustment, women with type 2 diabetes scored lower on all our cognitive tests than women without diabetes. On the general test of cognition (TICS), the mean difference in score between women with and without diabetes was −0.60 (95% CI −1.18 to –0.03, P = 0.04) and the relative risk of a low TICS score was 1.98 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.69). On a global score combining results of the four tests, the mean for diabetic women was lower than that among women without diabetes (adjusted difference in score −0.73, 95% CI −1.42 to −0.04, P = 0.04), and the relative risk of a low global score was 2.16 (95% CI 1.10 to 4.21). Relative to women without diabetes, longer duration of diabetes was associated with lower scores. Few diabetic women were pharmacologically treated (n = 31), but those taking medication had scores similar to those of women without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—In these women, diabetes was related to lower scores on several aspects of cognitive function. Longer duration of diabetes may be associated with poorer scores, but hypoglycemic therapy may ameliorate scores.
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Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are important metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of AD.
“Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which are typical clinical features of T2DM, have also been increasingly recognized as an important metabolic index in the pathogenesis of AD (Grodstein et al., 2001; Luchsinger et al., 2004).”
From AD-Like Neuropsychiatric Dysfunction in a Mice Model Induced by a Combination of High-Fat Diet and Intraperitoneal Injection of Streptozotocin (2024) · cites this paper as Grodstein et al., 2001
The introduction (section D; page unavailable) reports a possible association of diabetes or hyperinsulinemia with poor cognition, and the Results report poorer cognitive performance among women with type 2 diabetes. These passages do not establish that hyperglycemia or insulin resistance are factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease; the paper examines cognitive test performance, not AD pathogenesis. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Grodstein, F., Chen, J., Wilson, R. S., & Manson, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2001-06-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1060-1065
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2154822718
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (CA40356)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 13482, R29AG013482, AG15424, R01AG015424)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, cognitive function, community-dwelling elderly women, cognitive decline, diabetes duration, hypoglycemic therapy, memory retrieval, verbal fluency, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Housing, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Longitudinal Studies, Massachusetts, Memory, Mental Health, Mental Status Schedule, Psychological Tests, Regression Analysis, Telephone, Multivariate Analysis
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