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Cited by 151Mycotoxins in Agriculture and FoodListeria monocytogenes in Food SafetyFood Safety and Hygiene

Silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods: A review

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Driehuis, Frank·2013·Agricultural and Food Science
DOI 10.23986/afsci.6699
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Abstract

Silage contains a number of potential hazards to the safety and quality of milk and dairy products. This paper reviews the present knowledge about silage as a source of (1) spores of anaerobic spore-formers (Clostridium species) and aerobic spore-formers (mainly Bacillus and Paenibacillus species), (2) the zoonotic pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, and (3) mycotoxins. A distinction is made between field-derived mycotoxins, i.e. mycotoxins that are formed during growth of crops in the field, and ensilage-derived mycotoxins, i.e. mycotoxins that are formed after ensiling. The routes of transmission of these hazards from feed to milk, the effect of pasteurization of milk, and reduction strategies are discussed. Aerobic deterioration of silages is a major factor influencing levels of spores of both aerobic and anaerobic spore-formers, L. monocytogenes, and certain mycotoxins.

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  • Changes during the feed-out phase are equally as important as those in the closed silo from the viewpoint of preserving nutrients and maintaining good hygienic quality of the silage.

    “It is now recognized that the changes during the feed-out phase are equally as important as those in the closed silo from the viewpoint of preserving nutrients and maintaining good hygienic quality of the silage (Borreani and Tabacco, 2010; Driehuis, 2013; Wilkinson and Davies, 2013).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Driehuis, 2013

    The Additional information section says that oxygen exposure after opening the silo is inevitable and that a high silage-removal rate helps limit air ingress; it links these measures to preventing mould and mycotoxins. This supports the importance of feed-out for hygienic quality, but the passages do not say that feed-out changes are equally as important as changes in the closed silo or establish the claim about preserving nutrients. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Some of these effects are connected to the proliferation of potentially pathogenic or otherwise undesirable microorganisms and mycotoxin synthesis.

    “Some of these effects are connected to the proliferation of potentially pathogenic or otherwise undesirable microorganisms (Lindgren et al., 2002; Driehuis, 2013; Spadaro et al., 2015) and mycotoxin synthesis (Korosteleva et al., 2007; Richard et al., 2009; Cavallarin et al., 2011; Ogunade et al., 2016).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Driehuis, 2013

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Cites

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3 of the 112 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Bergère, J.L. & Sivelä, S. 1990. Detection and enumeration of clostridial spores related to cheese quality. In: Bulletin of the Inter- national Dairy Federation No. 251. Methods of detection and prevention of anaerobic spore formers in relation to the quality of cheese. Brussels, Belgium, International Dairy Federation. p. 18-23.
  2. Donald, A.S., Fenlon, D.R. & Seddon, B. 1995. The relationships between ecophysiology, indigenous microflora and growth of Lis- teria monocytogenes in grass silage. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 79: 141-148.
  3. Broderick, G.A., Adesogan, A.T., Bocher, L.W., Bolsen, K.K., Contreras-Govea, F.E., Harrison, J.H. & Muck, R.E. (eds.). Proceedings of the 15th International Silage Conference, 27-29 July 2009, Madison.
  4. Driehuis, F., Te Giffel, M.C., Van Egmond, H.P., Fremy, J.M. & Blüthgen, A. 2010. Feed-associated Mycotoxins in the Dairy Chain: Occurrence, and Control. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 444/2010. Brussels, Belgium: International Dairy Federa- tion.
  5. Griffiths, M.W. 1992. Bacillus cereus in liquid milk and other milk products. In: Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation No. 275. Brussels, Belgium: International Dairy Federation. p. 36-39.
  6. Pahlow, G. & Honig, H. (eds.). Forage Conservation towards 2000, Proceedingd of the European Grassland Federation, 23-25 January 1991 in Braunschweig, Germany. p. 116-128.
  7. Kaiser, E., Weiss, K. & Polip, I. 2002. A new concept for the estimation of ensiling potential of forages. Proceedings XIII Interna- tional Silage Conference, Auchincruive, UK, p 344-358.
  8. Kim, E.K., Maragos, C.M. & Kendra, D.F. 2004. Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 in corn silage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 196-200.
  9. Lavilla, M., Marzo, I., De Luis, R., Perez, M.D., Calvo, M. & Sánchez, L. 2010. Detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores using polyclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Journal of Applied Microbiology 108: 488-498.
  10. Scudamore, K.A. & Livesey, C.T. 1998. Occurrence and significance of mycotoxins in forage crops and silage: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 77: 1-17.
  11. Slaghuis, B.A., Te Giffel, M.C., Beumer, R.R. & André, G. 1997. Effect of pasturing on the incidence of Bacillus spores in raw milk. International Dairy Journal 7: 201-205.
  12. Wilkins, P.O., Bougeois, R. & Murray, R.G.E. 1972. Psychrotrophic properties of L. monocytogenes. Canadian Journal of Microbi- ology 18: 543-551.

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Authors
Driehuis, F.
Affiliations
Nederlands Instituut Voor Zuivel Oonderzoek (NL)
Corresponding author
Driehuis, Frank
Venue
Agricultural and Food Science
Publisher
Agricultural and Food Science
Published
2013-03-27
Volume
22
Issue
1
Pages
16-34
ISSN
  • 1459-6067 (ISSN-L)
  • 1795-1895
DOI
10.23986/afsci.6699
OpenAlex
W160274581
Cited by
150
References
112
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4
FWCI
14.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Agricultural and Food Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
FrieslandCampina
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
Keywords
silage, dairy product safety, milk quality, Clostridium, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, mycotoxins, silage fermentation, aerobic spoilage, spore-forming bacteria, zoonotic pathogens, milk pasteurization, mycotoxin reduction

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