A new scale for measuring insomnia: the Bergen Insomnia Scale.
Abstract
A new scale for the measurement of insomnia, the Bergen Insomnia Scale, was constructed on the basis of current formal and clinical diagnostic criteria for insomnia. There are six items, of which the first three pertain to sleep onset, maintenance, and early morning wakening insomnia, respectively. The last three items refer to not feeling adequately rested, experiencing daytime impairment, and being dissatisfied with current sleep. This scale was validated in three samples, 320 students, 2645 community persons, and 225 patients. Cronbach alphas in the three samples were .79, .87, and .80, respectively. The 2-wk. test-retest reliability for students was .77. In the student and the patient samples, a two-factor solution was found, nocturnal symptoms and daytime symptoms, but in the community sample, a one-factor solution was found. The Bergen Insomnia Scale discriminated well between the patient sample and the other two. In all three, values of convergent and discriminative validity in relation to other self-report measures were good, as well as in relation to polysomnographic data for patients. It is concluded that the Bergen Insomnia Scale has good psychometric properties. It is one of very few insomnia scales which provide normative data for comparisons and which has been validated against subjective as well as polysomnographic data.
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Bergen Insomnia Scale has shown high reliability and validity in both patient and community samples.
“The Bergen Insomnia Scale has shown high reliability and validity in both patient and community samples [76].”
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- Authors
- Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Nordhus, I. H., Sivertsen, B., Hjørnevik, M., & Morin, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Université Laval (CA)
- Venue
- Perceptual and Motor Skills
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 691-706
- ISSN
- 0031-5125 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-688X
- OpenAlex
- W2084471229
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Perceptual and Motor Skills (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- insomnia, sleep onset insomnia, sleep maintenance insomnia, daytime dysfunction, self-report scale, psychometric validation, reference values, polysomnography
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Registries, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Polysomnography, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome, Young Adult
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