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Cited by 200Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes

INSOMNIA AND USE OF HYPNOTICS—STUDY OF A FRENCH POPULATION

Quera-Salva, M. A., Orluc, A., Goldenberg, F., Guilleminault, C.·1991·SLEEP
DOI 10.1093/sleep/14.5.386
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Abstract

A cross-sectional study of insomnia and hypnotic use was performed in a sample of the French population. The quota method was used to select the sample of 1,003 subjects, with less than 3% substitution. Subjects were 15 years old and older and were representative of the French population based on gender, age, marital status and living environment. Subjects were asked questions relevant to the complaint of insomnia and hypnotic use and filled out questionnaires measuring anxiety and depression. The complaint of insomnia is common, even in the 15-24-year-old group. Overall, more women than men were afflicted. The largest group of insomniac subjects, and the group who most often used hypnotics "frequently and chronically", were women 45 years and older. Men presented a sharp increase in hypnotic use after 65 years of age. Ten percent of the entire sample used hypnotics, 8% for more than 6 months and 6.17% on a chronic and frequent basis. Retired and unemployed elderly were also chronic and frequent hypnotic users: aging and social isolation correlate with chronic and frequent hypnotic usage. Higher scores on anxiety and depression scales correlate with more frequent complaints of nocturnal sleep disturbances. Young individuals are a significant complainer group but use hypnotics rarely. A rural environment was associated, overall, with fewer insomnia complaints, but environment had much less impact on complaints and hypnotic use in the elderly than in other age groups. One may question whether, in the French population, hypnotic prescription and intake are not responses to a social rather than a medical problem.

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  • The different relationships between problems with sleep onset, maintenance, and negative affect reported here stand in contrast to studies which find that both sleep onset and sleep maintenance problems are related to negative affect.

    “Indeed, the different relationships between problems with sleep onset, maintenance, and negative affect reported here stands in contrast to studies which find that both sleep onset and sleep maintenance problems are related to negative affect [96–100].”

    From A structural equation model of the relationship between insomnia, negative affect, and paranoid thinking (2017) · cites this paper as [96]

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Authors
Quera-Salva, M. A., Orluc, A., Goldenberg, F., & Guilleminault, C.
Affiliations
Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré (FR)
Corresponding author
Quera-Salva, M. A.
ORCID
Venue
SLEEP
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1991-09
Volume
14
Issue
5
Pages
386-391
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
DOI
10.1093/sleep/14.5.386
OpenAlex
W2443792738
Cited by
198
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ag007772-06)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG 07772)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Keywords
insomnia, hypnotic use, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, aging, social isolation, rural residence, sex differences, age differences, older adults, young adults, French population
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Drug Utilization, Female, France, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence

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