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The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years
Open accessAbstract
A computer model has been constructed that considers the effects on the CO/sub 2/ level of the atmosphere, and the Ca, Mg, and HCO/sub 3/ levels of the ocean, of the following processes: weathering on the continents of calcite, dolomite, and calcium-and-magnesium-containing silicates; biogenic precipitation and removal of CaCO/sub 3/ from the ocean; removal of Mg from the ocean via volcanic-seawater reaction; and the metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation of calcite and dolomite (and resulting CO/sub 2/ degassing) as a consequence of plate subduction. Assuming steady state, values for fluxes to and from the atmosphere and oceans are first derived for the modern ocean-atmosphere system. Then the consequences of perturbing steady state are examined by deriving rate expressions for all transfer reactions. These rate expressions are constructed so as to reflect changes over the past 100 my. Results indicate that the CO/sub 2/ content of the atmosphere is highly sensitive to changes in seafloor spreading rate and continental land area, and, to a much lesser extent, to changes in the relative masses of calcite and dolomite. Consideration of a number of alternative seafloor spreading rate formulations shows that in all cases a several-fold higher CO/sub 2/ level for the Cretaceous atmosphere (65-100 mymore » BP) is obtained via the model. Assuming that CO/sub 2/ level and surface air temperature are positively correlated via an atmospheric greenhouse model, they authors predict Cretaceous paleotemperatures which are in rough general agreement with independent published data. Consequently, their results point to plate tectonics, as it affects both metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation and changes in continental land area, as a major control of world climate.« less
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“The precipitation of carbonate minerals as a consequence of silicate weathering contributes to the stabilization of atmospheric CO 2 over geological time periods 4,7 and also contributes to the formation of pedogenic carbonates in both natural 8 and artificial soils 9 over much shorter time scales.”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“If the Ca or Mg in the carbonate is derived from silicate weathering, and weathering products, this process provides a means of effectively capturing and fixing atmospheric CO 2 .[4][5][6]”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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Research works printed but not linked: 12
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High‐resolution mapping of the global silicate weathering carbon sink and its long‐term changes
Li, C., Bai, X., Tan, Q., Luo, G., Wu, L., Chen, F., Xi, H., Luo, X., Chen, R., Chen, H., et al. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16186 · Cited by 76
“This is mainly because it can remove atmospheric CO2 to form bicarbonate (alkalinity), which flows into the ocean with the river, forms carbonate precipitation and stores carbon in the ocean (Berner et al., 1983; Mackenzie & Garrels, 1971).”
BackgroundSadofsky, S. J., & Bebout, G. E. (2003) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2002gc000412 · Cited by 75
“Metamorphic devolatilization is regarded as one of the main factors that control the cycling of the volatile elements on Earth [e.g., Berner et al., 1983; Kerrick and Caldeira, 1993], and the extent to which rocks are devolatilized during subduction remains a fundamental question in the…”
BackgroundChemical weathering and consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Alpine region
Donnini, M., Frondini, F., Probst, J., Anne Probst, A., Cardellini, C., Marchesini, I., & Guzzetti, F. (2015) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.017 · Cited by 74
“…Kump, 1994; White and Blum, 1995; Gislason et al., 1996; Louvat and Allègre, 1997), and (ii) global scale studies based on data from large rivers (Berner et al., 1983; Meybeck, 1987, 2003; Probst et al., 1994; Amiotte-Suchet, 1995; Amiotte-Suchet and Probst, 1995; Boeglin and Probst, 1998;…”
BackgroundControls on rind thickness on basaltic andesite clasts weathering in Guadeloupe
Sak, P. B., Navarre‐Sitchler, A. K., Miller, C. E., Daniel, C. C., Gaillardet, J., Buss, H. L., Lebedeva, M. I., & Brantley, S. L. (2010) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.002 · Cited by 75
“The weathering of silicate rocks plays a significant role in regulating atmospheric CO2 (Walker et al., 1981; Berner et al., 1983), cycling nutrients in soil (Hyman et al.”
BackgroundBenthic foraminiferal Li/Ca: Insights into Cenozoic seawater carbonate saturation state
Lear, C. H., & Rosenthal, Y. (2006) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g22792a.1 · Cited by 75
Non-steady state carbonate recycling and implications for the evolution of atmospheric PCO2
Edmond, J. M., & Huh, Y. (2003) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00510-7 · Cited by 75
Wallmann, K. (2004) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2003gc000683 · Cited by 75
Fluxes of deep CO2 in the volcanic areas of central-southern Italy
Gambardella, B., Cardellini, C., Chiodini, G., Frondini, F., Marini, L., Ottonello, G., & Zuccolini, M. V. (2004) · Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research · doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.03.018 · Cited by 75
Tentative kinetic model for dolomite precipitation rate and its application to dolomite distribution
Arvidson, R. S., & Mackenzie, F. T. (1997) · Aquatic Geochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00119858 · Cited by 74
Zhao, M., & Zheng, Y. (2014) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.11.004 · Cited by 74
“In fact, the chemical weathering is a process that converts atmospheric CO2 and silicate rocks to alkalinity and divalent cations, which are then buried on the seafloor as chemical precipitates (e.g., Berner et al., 1983; Kump et al., 2000).”
BackgroundRapid response of silicate weathering rates to climate change in the Himalaya
Dosseto, A., Vigier, N., Joannes-boyau, R. C., Moffat, I., Singh, T., & Srivastava, P. (2015) · Geochemical Perspectives Letters · doi:10.7185/geochemlet.1502 · Cited by 74
“…doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.1502 Chemical weathering of continental rocks plays a central role in regulating the carbon cycle and the Earth’s climate (Walker et al., 1981; Berner et al., 1983), accounting for nearly half the consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide globally (Beaulieu et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialChillrud, S., Pedrozo, F., Temporetti, P., Planas, H., & Froelich, P. (1994) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1994.39.5.1130 · Cited by 76
Yu, Z., Wu, G., Keys, L., Li, F., Yan, N., Qu, D., & Liu, X. (2019) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.042 · Cited by 72
Zhong, J., Li, S., Ibarra, D. E., Ding, H., & Liu, C. (2020) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2020gb006541 · Cited by 77
“This includes imposing negative feedback on the geologic carbon cycle (e.g., Berner et al., 1983; Walker et al., 1981; West, 2012; Winnick & Maher, 2018), shaping the Earth's surface as a component of denudation (Dixon et al., 2012;West et al., 2005), and transferring chemical species from the land…”
BackgroundIcenhower, J. P., McGrail, B. P., Shaw, W. J., Pierce, E. M., Nachimuthu, P., Shuh, D. K., Rodriguez, E. A., & Steele, J. L. (2008) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.026 · Cited by 73
Extra CO2 sequestration following reutilization of biomass ash
Núñez, R. L., Díaz, M. J., & González‐Pérez, J. A. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.263 · Cited by 74
Effects of chemical weathering and CO2 outgassing on δ13CDIC signals in a karst watershed
Liu, J., & Han, G. (2020) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125192 · Cited by 73
He, J., Garzanti, E., Dinis, P. A., Yang, S., & Wang, H. (2020) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119860 · Cited by 73
New paleogeographic and degassing parameters for long-term carbon cycle models
Marcilly, C. M., Torsvik, T. H., Domeier, M., & Royer, D. L. (2021) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2021.05.016 · Cited by 71
Alkalinity export to the ocean is a major carbon sequestration mechanism in a macrotidal saltmarsh
Yau, Y. Y. Y., Xin, P., Chen, X., Zhan, L., Call, M., Conrad, S. R., Sanders, C. J., Li, L., Du, J., & dos Santos, I. R. (2022) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.12155 · Cited by 75
Voigt, S. (2000) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00060-2 · Cited by 72
Metadata
- Authors
- Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Science
- Publisher
- American Journal of Science (AJS)
- Published
- 1983-09-01
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 641-683
- ISSN
- 0002-9599 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084849445
- Cited by
- 2,428
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 30.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- carbonate-silicate cycle, atmospheric CO2, air-sea CO2 flux, continental weathering, plate subduction, seafloor spreading rates, greenhouse effect, paleoclimate
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