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The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years
Open accessAbstract
A computer model has been constructed that considers the effects on the CO/sub 2/ level of the atmosphere, and the Ca, Mg, and HCO/sub 3/ levels of the ocean, of the following processes: weathering on the continents of calcite, dolomite, and calcium-and-magnesium-containing silicates; biogenic precipitation and removal of CaCO/sub 3/ from the ocean; removal of Mg from the ocean via volcanic-seawater reaction; and the metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation of calcite and dolomite (and resulting CO/sub 2/ degassing) as a consequence of plate subduction. Assuming steady state, values for fluxes to and from the atmosphere and oceans are first derived for the modern ocean-atmosphere system. Then the consequences of perturbing steady state are examined by deriving rate expressions for all transfer reactions. These rate expressions are constructed so as to reflect changes over the past 100 my. Results indicate that the CO/sub 2/ content of the atmosphere is highly sensitive to changes in seafloor spreading rate and continental land area, and, to a much lesser extent, to changes in the relative masses of calcite and dolomite. Consideration of a number of alternative seafloor spreading rate formulations shows that in all cases a several-fold higher CO/sub 2/ level for the Cretaceous atmosphere (65-100 mymore » BP) is obtained via the model. Assuming that CO/sub 2/ level and surface air temperature are positively correlated via an atmospheric greenhouse model, they authors predict Cretaceous paleotemperatures which are in rough general agreement with independent published data. Consequently, their results point to plate tectonics, as it affects both metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation and changes in continental land area, as a major control of world climate.« less
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“The precipitation of carbonate minerals as a consequence of silicate weathering contributes to the stabilization of atmospheric CO 2 over geological time periods 4,7 and also contributes to the formation of pedogenic carbonates in both natural 8 and artificial soils 9 over much shorter time scales.”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“If the Ca or Mg in the carbonate is derived from silicate weathering, and weathering products, this process provides a means of effectively capturing and fixing atmospheric CO 2 .[4][5][6]”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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Roth, P. H. (1989) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(89)90022-9 · Cited by 111
Feldspar saturation state in natural waters
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Evolution of terrestrial proto-CO2 atmosphere coupled with thermal history of the earth
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Effects of diagenesis on the isotopic record of late paleogene tropical sea surface temperatures
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“General circulation models predict that elevated atmospheric CO , which has been proposed as2 the cause of the Eocene warm climate at high latiŽ .tudes e.g., Berner et al., 1983 , would result in higher tropical sea surface temperatures, not lower Ž .”
BackgroundKent, D. V., & Giovanni Muttoni, A. (2013) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-9-525-2013 · Cited by 112
“…mechanism dependent on surface temperature and runoff as a function of the CO2 greenhouse effect and incorporated in most quanti- tative carbon-cycling models (e.g. Berner, 1991, 1994, 2006; Berner and Kothalava, 2001; Berner et al., 1983; Goddéris and Joachimski, 2004; Goddéris et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialPetroleum Formation by Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Plate Tectonics
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Anthropogenic Forcing of Carbonate and Organic Carbon Preservation in Marine Sediments
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“Assessments for marine waters are on the order of 0.30 Pg C y−1 (Berelson et al. 2007, Berner et al. 1983, Morse & Mackenzie 1990), split equally between slow preservation spread out over the open-ocean floor and faster preservation along the margins (especially reef communities).”
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“However, CO2 consumed during carbonate weathering is gradually returned to the atmosphere by deposition in the ocean over tens of millions of years (Berner & Berner, 2012; Berner et al., 1983; Martin, 2017; Renforth & Henderson, 2017).”
BackgroundSexton, P. F., Wilson, P. A., & Norris, R. D. (2006) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2005pa001253 · Cited by 109
“…the mid-Cretaceous [e.g., Larson, 1991; Barron et al., 1995; Wilson and Norris, 2001; Bice and Norris, 2002; Wilson et al., 2002] is well established [Berner et al., 1983; Sloan and Rea, 1996; Ekart et al., 1999; Pearson and Palmer, 2000; Berner and Kothavala, 2001; Huber and Sloan, 2001;…”
BackgroundWu, W., Yang, J., Xu, S., & Yin, H. (2008) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.09.005 · Cited by 109
Close mass balance of long-term carbon fluxes from ice-core CO2 and ocean chemistry records
Zeebe, R. E., & Caldeira, K. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo185 · Cited by 109
“Thus, given input values of Fcw,Fvm and Fgw (refs 13,16,19), the system can be solved for the unknowns Fcb,Fgb and Fsw (equations (2)–(5)).”
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Himalaya--Carbon Sink or Source?
Gaillardet, J., & Galy, Α. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159279 · Cited by 107
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“Volcanic and metamorphic degassing are important sources of CO2 (Jones et al., 2016), while chemical weathering of silicate rocks, organic carbon burial, and carbonate deposition are significant sinks and modes of CO2 sequestration (Berner et al., 1983; Dessert et al., 2003; Huh, 2003; Urey, 1952).”
BackgroundSoil carbon sequestration in a changing global environment
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Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal extinction events during the last 100 m.y.
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Estimates of atmospheric CO2 in the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic from paleosols
Kanzaki, Y., & Murakami, T. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.011 · Cited by 106
Seawater δ7Li: A direct proxy for global CO2 consumption by continental silicate weathering?
Wanner, C., Sonnenthal, E., & Liu, X. (2014) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.005 · Cited by 105
Metadata
- Authors
- Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Science
- Publisher
- American Journal of Science (AJS)
- Published
- 1983-09-01
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 641-683
- ISSN
- 0002-9599 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084849445
- Cited by
- 2,428
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 30.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- carbonate-silicate cycle, atmospheric CO2, air-sea CO2 flux, continental weathering, plate subduction, seafloor spreading rates, greenhouse effect, paleoclimate
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