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The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years
Open accessAbstract
A computer model has been constructed that considers the effects on the CO/sub 2/ level of the atmosphere, and the Ca, Mg, and HCO/sub 3/ levels of the ocean, of the following processes: weathering on the continents of calcite, dolomite, and calcium-and-magnesium-containing silicates; biogenic precipitation and removal of CaCO/sub 3/ from the ocean; removal of Mg from the ocean via volcanic-seawater reaction; and the metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation of calcite and dolomite (and resulting CO/sub 2/ degassing) as a consequence of plate subduction. Assuming steady state, values for fluxes to and from the atmosphere and oceans are first derived for the modern ocean-atmosphere system. Then the consequences of perturbing steady state are examined by deriving rate expressions for all transfer reactions. These rate expressions are constructed so as to reflect changes over the past 100 my. Results indicate that the CO/sub 2/ content of the atmosphere is highly sensitive to changes in seafloor spreading rate and continental land area, and, to a much lesser extent, to changes in the relative masses of calcite and dolomite. Consideration of a number of alternative seafloor spreading rate formulations shows that in all cases a several-fold higher CO/sub 2/ level for the Cretaceous atmosphere (65-100 mymore » BP) is obtained via the model. Assuming that CO/sub 2/ level and surface air temperature are positively correlated via an atmospheric greenhouse model, they authors predict Cretaceous paleotemperatures which are in rough general agreement with independent published data. Consequently, their results point to plate tectonics, as it affects both metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation and changes in continental land area, as a major control of world climate.« less
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“The precipitation of carbonate minerals as a consequence of silicate weathering contributes to the stabilization of atmospheric CO 2 over geological time periods 4,7 and also contributes to the formation of pedogenic carbonates in both natural 8 and artificial soils 9 over much shorter time scales.”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“If the Ca or Mg in the carbonate is derived from silicate weathering, and weathering products, this process provides a means of effectively capturing and fixing atmospheric CO 2 .[4][5][6]”
From Rapid Removal of Atmospheric CO2 by Urban Soils (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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BackgroundOnset and ending of the late Palaeozoic ice age triggered by tectonically paced rock weathering
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Rind, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/97jd03649 · Cited by 183
Warm Cretaceous Climates: High Atmospheric CO2as a Plausible Mechanism
Barron, E. J., & Washington, W. M. (2011) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1029/gm032p0546 · Cited by 178
Continental arc-island arc fluctuations, growth of crustal carbonates, and long-term climate change
Lee, C. A., Shen, B., Slotnick, B. S., Liao, K., Dickens, G. R., Yokoyama, Y., Lenardic, A., Dasgupta, R., Jellinek, M. A., Lackey, J. S., et al. (2012) · Geosphere · doi:10.1130/ges00822.1 · Cited by 178
“Atmospheric pCO2 is governed by exchange of C with other reservoirs of the exogenic C cycle (ocean and biosphere) and endogenic C cycle (crust and mantle ) (Berner et al., 1983; Royer et al., 2004).”
BackgroundKasemann, S. A., Hawkesworth, C. J., Prave, A. R., Fallick, A. E., & Pearson, P. N. (2005) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.006 · Cited by 176
A theoretical framework for the Pleistocene ice ages
Imbrie, J. Z. (1985) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.142.3.0417 · Cited by 177
Wu, W., Xu, S., Yang, J., & Yin, H. (2008) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.01.025 · Cited by 177
Fan, B., Zhao, Z., Tao, F., Liu, B., Tao, Z., Gao, S., & Zhang, L. (2014) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.09.005 · Cited by 178
Contribution of deep groundwater to the weathering budget in a rapidly eroding mountain belt, Taiwan
Calmels, D., Galy, Α., Hovius, N., Bickle, M., West, A. J., Chen, M.-C., & CHAPMAN, H. J. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.032 · Cited by 176
“Chemical weathering exerts amajor control on the Earth's geologic carbon cycle, and with it the long-term evolution of global climate (Berner et al., 1983; Walker et al., 1981).”
The geochemistry of river particulates from the continental USA: Major elements
Canfield, D. E. (1997) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(97)00172-5 · Cited by 174
Coogan, L. A., & Dosso, S. E. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.027 · Cited by 171
Magnesium isotope systematics of the lithologically varied Moselle river basin, France
Brenot, A., Cloquet, C., Vigier, N., Carignan, J., & France‐Lanord, C. (2008) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.027 · Cited by 175
“E-mail address: a.brenot@brgm.fr (A. Brenot). of Ca and Mg silicates is a significant long-term sink of atmospheric CO2 (Walker et al., 1981; Berner et al., 1983).”
BackgroundHow to Establish and Use World Budgets of Riverine Materials
Meybeck, M. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3071-1_12 · Cited by 173
Dissolution kinetics at the calcite-water interface
Liang, Y., Baer, D. R., McCoy, J. M., Amonette, J. E., & LaFemina, J. P. (1996) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(96)00337-7 · Cited by 172
Sources of strontium and calcium in desert soil and calcrete
Capo, R. C., & Chadwick, O. A. (1999) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00090-4 · Cited by 172
“weathering, when combined with carbonate, acts to sequester a mole of carbon derived from photosynthetically fixed atmospheric carbon dioxide [5].”
BackgroundTank, S. E., Raymond, P. A., Striegl, R. G., McClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., Fiske, G. J., & Peterson, B. J. (2012) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2011gb004192 · Cited by 181
“…can sequester CO2 over million- year time scales, carbonate weathering sequesters CO2 on the scale of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, as a result of CO2 release during the biological sequestration of CaCO3 from Ca 2+ and HCO3 in the oceans [Berner et al., 1983; Sundquist, 1991].”
BackgroundDixon, J. L., Hartshorn, A. S., Heimsath, A. M., DiBiase, R. A., & Whipple, K. X. (2012) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.010 · Cited by 168
“Silicate weathering may act as the major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide over geologic time (e.g., Berner et al., 1983), and it has been suggested that tectonic uplift may drive CO2 withdrawal by enhancing weathering (e.g., Ruddiman et al., 1997).”
BackgroundThe calcium riverine and hydrothermal isotopic fluxes and the oceanic calcium mass balance
Schmitt, A., Chabaux, F., & Stille, P. (2003) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(03)00341-8 · Cited by 169
Burton, E., & Walter, L. M. (1991) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90341-2 · Cited by 175
Maloof, A. C., Halverson, G. P., Kirschvink, J. L., Schrag, D. P., Weiss, B. P., & Hoffman, P. F. (2006) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b25892.1 · Cited by 177
K-Ar AND 40Ar/39Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF WEATHERING PROCESSES
Vasconcelos, P. M. (1999) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.183 · Cited by 170
Experimental determination of magnesium isotope fractionation during higher plant growth
Bolou‐Bi, E. B., Poszwa, A., Leyval, C., & Vigier, N. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.010 · Cited by 169
Willenbring, J. K., Codilean, A. T., & McElroy, B. J. (2013) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g33918.1 · Cited by 167
Himalayan metamorphic CO2 fluxes: Quantitative constraints from hydrothermal springs
Becker, J. A., Bickle, M. J., Galy, Α., & Holland, T. J. B. (2007) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.046 · Cited by 170
“An important problem in understanding the global carbon cycle is the magnitude and rate of metamorphic CO2 release (Berner et al., 1983; Kerrick and Caldeira, 1993; Bickle, 1996; Kerrick and Caldeira, 1999; Evans et al., 2001).”
BackgroundFerrier, K. L., & Kirchner, J. W. (2008) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.024 · Cited by 168
“Chemical weathering of silicate minerals is the dominant sink for atmospheric CO2 over geologic time (Walker et al., 1981; Berner et al., 1983), so to the degree that silicate weathering rates increase with temperature, they create a feedback loop that regulates Earth's long-term surface…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Science
- Publisher
- American Journal of Science (AJS)
- Published
- 1983-09-01
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 641-683
- ISSN
- 0002-9599 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084849445
- Cited by
- 2,428
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 30.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- carbonate-silicate cycle, atmospheric CO2, air-sea CO2 flux, continental weathering, plate subduction, seafloor spreading rates, greenhouse effect, paleoclimate
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