Cited by 2,428Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeology and Paleoclimatology ResearchGeological and Geochemical Analysis

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The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years

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Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., Garrels, R. M.·1983·American Journal of Science

DOI 10.2475/ajs.283.7.641

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Abstract

A computer model has been constructed that considers the effects on the CO/sub 2/ level of the atmosphere, and the Ca, Mg, and HCO/sub 3/ levels of the ocean, of the following processes: weathering on the continents of calcite, dolomite, and calcium-and-magnesium-containing silicates; biogenic precipitation and removal of CaCO/sub 3/ from the ocean; removal of Mg from the ocean via volcanic-seawater reaction; and the metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation of calcite and dolomite (and resulting CO/sub 2/ degassing) as a consequence of plate subduction. Assuming steady state, values for fluxes to and from the atmosphere and oceans are first derived for the modern ocean-atmosphere system. Then the consequences of perturbing steady state are examined by deriving rate expressions for all transfer reactions. These rate expressions are constructed so as to reflect changes over the past 100 my. Results indicate that the CO/sub 2/ content of the atmosphere is highly sensitive to changes in seafloor spreading rate and continental land area, and, to a much lesser extent, to changes in the relative masses of calcite and dolomite. Consideration of a number of alternative seafloor spreading rate formulations shows that in all cases a several-fold higher CO/sub 2/ level for the Cretaceous atmosphere (65-100 mymore » BP) is obtained via the model. Assuming that CO/sub 2/ level and surface air temperature are positively correlated via an atmospheric greenhouse model, they authors predict Cretaceous paleotemperatures which are in rough general agreement with independent published data. Consequently, their results point to plate tectonics, as it affects both metamorphic-magmatic decarbonation and changes in continental land area, as a major control of world climate.« less

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Research works printed but not linked: 12

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“As pointed out originally by Walker et al. (1981), and as further elaborated on in Berner et al. (1983) and in subsequent papers summarized in Berner (2004), the carbonate–silicate cycle provides a negative feedback on climate: as the climate cools, silicate weathering slows down, and volcanic CO2…”
Background
Lithium-isotope evidence for enhanced silicate weathering during OAE 1a (Early Aptian Selli event)
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“However, enhanced silicate weathering is an additional mechanism for drawing down this greenhouse gas (Berner et al., 1983; Dessert et al., 2003; Raymo et al., 1988; Urey, 1952) and thereby helping to terminate the event.”
Background
Lithium isotope behaviour during weathering in the Ganges Alluvial Plain
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“…is a significant long-term removal process of atmospheric CO2, both through supply of cations and alkalinity for marine carbonate precipitation, and through supply of nutrients for organic carbon burial (Berner, 2003; Berner et al., 1983; Walker et al., 1981; West et al., 2002; West et al., 2005).”
Background
The fluvial geochemistry of the rivers of Eastern Siberia: III. Tributaries of the Lena and Anabar draining the basement terrain of the Siberian Craton and the Trans-Baikal Highlands
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“BERNER R. A., LASAGA A. C., and GARRELS R. M. (1983) The carbonate silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years.”
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Constraints on early Cambrian carbon cycling from the duration of the Nemakit-Daldynian–Tommotian boundary δ13C shift, Morocco
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The Mid‐Cretaceous Super Plume, carbon dioxide, and global warming
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Role of Seasonality in the Evolution of Climate During the Last 100 Million Years
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An experimental study of magnesite precipitation rates at neutral to alkaline conditions and 100–200 °C as a function of pH, aqueous solution composition and chemical affinity
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Evidence for mass-dependent isotopic fractionation of strontium in a glaciated granitic watershed
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A reactive-transport model for weathering rind formation on basalt
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The Ecology, Biogeochemistry, and Optical Properties of Coccolithophores
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Neogene carbonate burial in the Pacific Ocean
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Chemical weathering, mass loss, and dust inputs across a climate by time matrix in the Hawaiian Islands
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“047 ulates Earth's climate (Berner et al., 1983; Raymo and Ruddiman, 1992; Jacobson and Blum, 2003).”
Influential
Behavior of lithium isotopes in the Changjiang River system: Sources effects and response to weathering and erosion
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Biodiversity Regulation of Ecosystem Services
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The fluvial geochemistry of the rivers of Eastern Siberia: II. Tributaries of the Lena, Omoloy, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma, and Anadyr draining the collisional/accretionary zone of the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy ranges
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Proxy evidence for state-dependence of climate sensitivity in the Eocene greenhouse
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“0886-6236/06/2005GB002565 GB3012 1 of 17 transported to the ocean influencing oceanic productivity and sequestering atmospheric carbon [Berner et al., 1983].”
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Lithium, magnesium and uranium isotope behaviour in the estuarine environment of basaltic islands
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“On geological timescales the most important climate moderating process is the weathering of calcium (Ca)–magnesium (Mg) silicates (Walker et al.,1981; Berner et al.,1983,1990; Kumpet al., 2000).”
Submarine hydrothermal weathering, global eustasy, and carbonate polymorphism in Phanerozoic marine oolites; discussion and reply
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“…based on either sedimentary archival constraints on the chemistry of ancient oceans [e.g., Lowenstein et al., 2001; Dickson, 2002] or models [e.g., Berner et al., 1983; Wilkinson and Algeo, 1989; Hardie, 1996; Stanley and Hardie, 1998] that include the major geochemical processes that can…”
Background
Causes of anoxia in the world ocean
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Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics
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“into the deep Earth via subduction (Allègre, 1982; Berner et al., 1983; Javoy, 1998; Tolstikhin and Marty, 1998; Hilton et al., 2002; Dasgupta andHirschmann, 2010; Johnston et al., 2011).”
Background
Mind the gap: non‐biological processes contributing to soil CO 2 efflux
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“Given that there are well-known pedochemical reac- tions (Berner et al., 1983; Kaufmann & Dreybrodt, 2007), the use of biochemical models and environmen- tal variables should allow these processes to be easy calculated so that they can be explicitly included in cur- rent mechanistic soil CO2 efflux…”
Background

Authors: Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M.
Venue: American Journal of Science
Publisher: American Journal of Science (AJS)
Published: 1983-09-01
Volume: 283
Issue: 7
Pages: 641-683
ISSN: 0002-9599 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2475/ajs.283.7.641
OpenAlex: W2084849445
Cited by: 2,428
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 30.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Journal of Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords: carbonate-silicate cycle, atmospheric CO2, air-sea CO2 flux, continental weathering, plate subduction, seafloor spreading rates, greenhouse effect, paleoclimate

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The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years

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