Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 11 C-UCB-J as a PET Tracer for Imaging the Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A in the Brain
Open accessAbstract
UNLABELLED: The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is found in secretory vesicles in neurons and endocrine cells. PET with a selective SV2A radiotracer will allow characterization of drugs that modulate SV2A (e.g., antiepileptic drugs) and potentially could be a biomarker of synaptic density (e.g., in neurodegenerative disorders). Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of the SV2A PET radiotracer (11)C-UCB-J ((R)-1-((3-((11)C-methyl-(11)C)pyridin-4-yl)methyl)-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) in nonhuman primates, including whole-body biodistribution. METHODS: (11)C-UCB-J was prepared by C-(11)C-methylation of the 3-pyridyl trifluoroborate precursor with (11)C-methyl iodide via the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling method. Rhesus macaques underwent multiple scans including coinjection with unlabeled UCB-J (17, 50, and 150 μg/kg) or preblocking with the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam at 10 and 30 mg/kg. Scans were acquired for 2 h with arterial sampling and metabolite analysis to measure the input function. Regional volume of distribution (VT) was estimated using the 1-tissue-compartment model. Target occupancy was assessed using the occupancy plot; the dissociation constant (Kd) was determined by fitting self-blocking occupancies to a 1-site model, and the maximum number of receptor binding sites (Bmax) values were derived from baseline VT and from the estimated Kd and the nondisplaceable distribution volume (VND). RESULTS: (11)C-UCB-J was synthesized with greater than 98% purity. (11)C-UCB-J exhibited high free fraction (0.46 ± 0.02) and metabolized at a moderate rate (39% ± 5% and 24% ± 3% parent remaining at 30 and 90 min) in plasma. In the monkey brain, (11)C-UCB-J displayed high uptake and fast kinetics. VT was high (∼25-55 mL/cm(3)) in all gray matter regions, consistent with the ubiquitous expression of SV2A. Preblocking with 10 and 30 mg/kg of levetiracetam resulted in approximately 60% and 90% occupancy, respectively. Analysis of the self-blocking scans yielded a Kd estimate of 3.4 nM and Bmax of 125-350 nM, in good agreement with the in vitro inhibition constant (Ki) of 6.3 nM and regional Bmax in humans. Whole-body biodistribution revealed that the liver and the brain are the dose-limiting organs for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION: (11)C-UCB-J exhibited excellent characteristics as an SV2A PET radiotracer in nonhuman primates. The radiotracer is currently undergoing first-in-human evaluation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
New imaging tools have the potential to identify biomarkers of psychoplastogen efficacy.
“new imaging tools have the potential to identify biomarkers of psychoplastogen efficacy”
From Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness. (2021) · cites this paper as [104]
The Abstract describes 11C-UCB-J PET imaging as a potential biomarker of synaptic density and a way to characterize binding of SV2A-targeting drugs. It does not address psychoplastogens or propose a biomarker of their efficacy; the claim extends the proposed use beyond what this paper states. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOf these, [11C]UCB-J possessed the most suitable pharmacokinetics: rapid and high brain uptake, reversible binding kinetics, and relatively low nonspecific binding in white matter.
“Of these, [ 11 C]UCB-J possessed the most suitable pharmacokinetics, i.e., rapid and high brain uptake, reversible binding kinetics, and relatively low nonspecific binding in white matter”
From Challenges and rewards of in vivo synaptic density imaging, and its application to the study of depression (2025) · cites this paper as [117]
Three of the SV2A ligands were radiolabeled as [11C]UCB-A, [18F]UCB-H, and [11C]UCB-J, and all were evaluated in nonhuman primates.
“Three of the SV2A ligands were radiolabeled as [ 11 C] UCB-A [112], [ 18 F]UCB-H [113-116], and [ 11 C]UCB-J [117], and all were evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHP).”
From Challenges and rewards of in vivo synaptic density imaging, and its application to the study of depression (2025) · cites this paper as [117]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Integrative genomics identifies APOE ε4 effectors in Alzheimer's disease
Rhinn, H., Fujita, R., Qiang, L., Cheng, R., Lee, J. H., & Abeliovich, A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12415 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
RetractedThe synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam
Lynch, B. A., Lambeng, N., Nocka, K., Kensel-Hammes, P., Bajjalieh, S. M., Matagne, A., & Fuks, B. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308208101 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
Differential expression of synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) isoforms
Bajjalieh, S., Frantz, G., Weimann, J., McConnell, S., & Scheller, R. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-09-05223.1994 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Abnormal neurotransmission in mice lacking synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A)
Crowder, K. M., Gunther, J. M., Jones, T. A., Hale, B. D., Zhang, H. Z., Peterson, M. R., Scheller, R. H., Chavkin, C., & Bajjalieh, S. M. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15268 · Cited by 415 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mice deficient in SV2A develop seizures and die within 3 wk of birth (4).”
BackgroundStrategies to Improve Neuroreceptor Parameter Estimation by Linear Regression Analysis
Ichise, M., Toyama, H., Innis, R. B., & Carson, R. E. (2002) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000038000.34930.4e · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Self-citation<scp>F</scp>yn inhibition rescues established memory and synapse loss in <scp>A</scp>lzheimer mice
Kaufman, A. C., Salazar, S. V., Haas, L. T., Yang, J., Kostylev, M. A., Jeng, A. T., Robinson, S. A., Gunther, E. C., van Dyck, C. H., Nygaard, H. B., et al. (2015) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24394 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Measuring Drug Occupancy in the Absence of a Reference Region: The Lassen Plot Re-Visited
Cunningham, V. J., Rabiner, E. A., Slifstein, M., Laruelle, M. A., & Gunn, R. N. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.190 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Self-citationSV2, a Brain Synaptic Vesicle Protein Homologous to Bacterial Transporters
Bajjalieh, S. M., Peterson, K., Shinghal, R., & Scheller, R. H. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1519064 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Column-switching HPLC for the analysis of plasma in PET imaging studies
Hilton, J., Yokoi, F., Dannals, R. F., Ravert, H. T., Szabó, Z. R., & Wong, D. F. (2000) · Nuclear Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00125-6 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Robinson, J. L., Molina-Porcel, L., Corrada, M. M., Raible, K., Lee, E. B., Lee, V. M.-Y., Kawas, C. H., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu190 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Gillard, M., Chatelain, P., & Fuks, B. (2006) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.02.022 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Kuivila, H. G., & Nahabedian, K. V. (1961) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01470a028 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Kuivila, H. G., Reuwer, J. F., & Mangravite, J. A. (1963) · Canadian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1139/v63-451 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kuivila, H. G., Reuwer, J. F., & Mangravite, J. A. (1964) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01067a031 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Evaluation of<sup>18</sup>F-UCB-H as a Novel PET Tracer for Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A in the Brain
Warnock, G. I., Aerts, J., Bahri, M. A., Bretin, F., Lemaire, C., Giacomelli, F., Mievis, F., Mestdagh, N., Buchanan, T., Valade, A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.136143 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationMercier, J., Archen, L., Bollu, V., Carré, S., Evrard, Y., Jnoff, E., Kenda, B., Lallemand, B., Michel, P., Montel, F., et al. (2014) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.201300482 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationBinding characteristics of [3H]ucb 30889 to levetiracetam binding sites in rat brain
Gillard, M. R., Fuks, B., Michel, P., Vertongen, P., Massingham, R., & Chatelain, P. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.032 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Fuks, B., Gillard, M. R., Michel, P., Lynch, B. A., Vertongen, P., Leprince, P., Klitgaard, H., & Chatelain, P. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.033 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cai, H., Mangner, T. J., Muzik, O., Wang, M.-W., Chugani, D. C., & Chugani, H. T. (2014) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/ml500285t · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Bretin, F., Bahri, M. A., Bernard, C., Warnock, G., Aerts, J. J., Mestdagh, N., Buchanan, T. J., Otoul, C., Koestler, F., Miévis, F., et al. (2015) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-014-0820-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Radiation dose estimates for carbon-11-labelled PET tracers
van der Aart, J., Hallett, W. A., Rabiner, E. A., Passchier, J., & Comley, R. A. (2011) · Nuclear Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.08.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Guo, Q., Owen, D. R., Rabiner, E. A., Turkheimer, F., & Gunn, R. N. (2014) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.65 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vogl, C., Tanifuji, S., Danis, B., Daniels, V., Foerch, P., Wolff, C., Whalley, B. J., Mochida, S., & Stephens, G. J. (2015) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12799 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rosario, R. B. D., Jung, Y., Baidoo, K. E., Lever, S. Z., & Wieland, D. M. (1994) · Nuclear Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/0969-8051(94)90009-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Targeting SV2A for discovery of antiepileptic drugs
Kaminski, R. M., Gillard, M. R., & Klitgaard, H. (2010) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02869.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Targeting SV2A for Discovery of Antiepileptic Drugs
Kaminski, R. M., Gillard, M. R., & Klitgaard, H. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199746545.003.0076 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sandiego, C. M., Weinzimmer, D. P., & Carson, R. E. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.051 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of [3H]ucb 30889 binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A in the rat spinal cord
Lambeng, N., Gillard, M. R., Vertongen, P., Fuks, B., & Chatelain, P. (2005) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.029 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Recent Advances of Modern Protocol for C-C Bonds—The Suzuki Cross-Coupling
Sołoducho, J., Olech, K., Świst, A., Zając, D., & Cabaj, J. (2013) · Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science · doi:10.4236/aces.2013.33a1003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zheng, M., Holden, D., Nabulsi, N., Lin, S.-F., Mercier, J., Hannestad, J. O., Laruelle, M. A., Carson, R. E., & Huang, Y. H. (2014) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation[11C]UCB-J: A novel PET tracer for imaging the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A)
Nabulsi, N., Hannestad, J. O., Holden, D., Mercier, J., Najafzadeh, S., Lin, S.-F., Labaree, D. C., Laruelle, M. A., Carson, R. E., & Huang, Y. H. (2014) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [7]7. Kaufman AC, Salazar SV, Haas LT, et al. Fyn inhibition rescues established memory and synapse loss in Alzheimer mice. Ann Neurol. 2015;77:953-971.
- [10]10. Cai H, Mangner TJ, Muzik O, Wang MW, Chugani DC, Chugani HT. Radiosyn- thesis of 11 C-levetiracetam: a potential marker for PET imaging of SV2A ex- pression. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2014;5:1152-1155.
- [12]12. Lubberink M, Estrada S, Thibblin A, et al. Pre-clinical evaluation and kinetic modelling of 11C-UCB-A as a PET tracer for synaptic vesicle protein 2A. Abstract presented at: The 10th International Symposium on Functional NeuroReceptor Mapping of the Living Brain; May 21-24, 2014, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- [13]13. Estrada S, Thibblin A, Johansen P, et al. Synthesis, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 11C-UCB-A, a novel PET tracer for synaptic vesicle protein 2A. Abstract presented at: The 10th International Symposium on Functional NeuroReceptor Mapping of the Living Brain; May 21-24, 2014; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Imaging synaptic density in the living human brain
Finnema, S. J., Nabulsi, N. B., Eid, T., Detyniecki, K., Lin, S.-F., Chen, M.-K., Dhaher, R., Matuskey, D., Baum, E., Holden, D., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6667 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Self-citationLower synaptic density is associated with depression severity and network alterations
Holmes, S. E., Scheinost, D., Finnema, S. J., Naganawa, M., Davis, M. T., DellaGioia, N., Nabulsi, N., Matuskey, D., Angarita, G. A., Pietrzak, R. H., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09562-7 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, M.-K., Mecca, A. P., Naganawa, M., Finnema, S. J., Toyonaga, T., Lin, S.-F., Najafzadeh, S., Ropchan, J., Lu, Y., McDonald, J. W., et al. (2018) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1836 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo measurement of widespread synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease with SV2A PET
Mecca, A. P., Chen, M., O'Dell, R. S., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Godek, T. A., Harris, J. E., Bartlett, H. H., Zhao, W., Nabulsi, N. B., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12097 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease.
Márquez, F., & Yassa, M. A. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0325-5 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
“The recent development of the SV2A PET radiotracer [(11)C] UCB-J [180] may offer the possibility of imaging synaptic density in vivo, and potentially inform biomarker science not just for AD but for numerous other conditions involving synapse loss [181].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe synapse in traumatic brain injury
Jamjoom, A. A. B., Rhodes, J. K. J., Andrews, P., & Grant, S. G. N. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa321 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Onwordi, E. C., Halff, E. F., Whitehurst, T., Mansur, A., Cotel, M.-C., Wells, L., Creeney, H., Bonsall, D., Rogdaki, M., Shatalina, E., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14122-0 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
The synaptic hypothesis of schizophrenia version III: a master mechanism
Howes, O. D., & Onwordi, E. C. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02043-w · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Finnema, S. J., Nabulsi, N. B., Mercier, J., Lin, S.-F., Chen, M.-K., Matuskey, D., Gallezot, J.-D., Henry, S., Hannestad, J., Huang, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x17724947 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationImaging biomarkers in neurodegeneration: current and future practices
Young, P. N. E., Estarellas, M., Coomans, E. M., Srikrishna, M., Beaumont, H., Maaß, A., Venkataraman, A. V., Lissaman, R., Jiménez, D., Betts, M. J., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00612-7 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Cerebral dysfunctions caused by sepsis during ageing
Manabe, T., & Heneka, M. T. (2022) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00643-7 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Ligands in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Beyond
Löscher, W., Gillard, M., Sands, Z. A., Kaminski, R. M., & Klitgaard, H. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0384-x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Synaptic Changes in Parkinson Disease Assessed with in vivo Imaging
Matuskey, D., Tinaz, S., Wilcox, K. C., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Dias, M., Henry, S. E., Pittman, B. P., Ropchan, J. R., Nabulsi, N., et al. (2020) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25682 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness.
Vargas, M. V., Meyer, R., Avanes, A. A., Rus, M., & Olson, D. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727117 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: an overview of findings and their implications for synaptic changes
Howes, O. D., Cummings, C., Chapman, G. E., & Shatalina, E. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01426-x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Naganawa, M., Li, S., Nabulsi, N., Henry, S., Zheng, M.-Q., Pracitto, R., Cai, Z., Gao, H., Kapinos, M., Labaree, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.120.249144 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationKoole, M., van Aalst, J., Devrome, M., Mertens, N., Serdons, K., Lacroix, B., Mercier, J., Sciberras, D., Maguire, P., & Van Laere, K. (2019) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-018-4119-8 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationPET imaging of synaptic density: A new tool for investigation of neuropsychiatric diseases
Cai, Z., Li, S., Matuskey, D., Nabulsi, N., & Huang, Y. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.038 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationSynaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A: Features and Functions
Rossi, R., Arjmand, S., Bærentzen, S. L., Gjedde, A., & Landau, A. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.864514 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Assessment of a white matter reference region for <sup>11</sup> C-UCB-J PET quantification
Rossano, S., Toyonaga, T., Finnema, S. J., Naganawa, M., Lu, Y., Nabulsi, N., Ropchan, J., De Bruyn, S., Otoul, C., Stockis, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x19879230 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, S., Cai, Z., Wu, X., Holden, D., Pracitto, R., Kapinos, M., Gao, H., Labaree, D. C., Nabulsi, N., Carson, R. E., et al. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00526 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCluskey, S. P., Plisson, C., Rabiner, E. A., & Howes, O. D. (2019) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04488-0 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
In vivo imaging of synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease with [18F]UCB-H positron emission tomography
Bastin, C., Bahri, M. A., Meyer, F., Manard, M., Delhaye, E., Plenevaux, A., Becker, G., Seret, A., Mella, C., Giacomelli, F., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04461-x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Chou, Y., Sundman, M., That, V. T., Green, J., & Trapani, C. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Metallaphotoredox aryl and alkyl radiomethylation for PET ligand discovery
Pipal, R. W., Stout, K. T., Musacchio, P. Z., Ren, S., Graham, T. J. A., Verhoog, S., Gantert, L. T., Lohith, T. G., Schmitz, A. M. T., Lee, H. S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3015-0 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
PET Neuroimaging of Alzheimer's Disease: Radiotracers and Their Utility in Clinical Research
Bao, W., Xie, F., Zuo, C., Guan, Y., & Huang, Y. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.624330 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationSpurrier, J. M., Nicholson, L., Fang, X. T., Stoner, A. J., Toyonaga, T., Holden, D., Siegert, T. R., Laird, W., Allnutt, M. A., Chiasseu, M., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8593 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationRanson, J. M., Rittman, T., Hayat, S. A., Brayne, C., Jessen, F., Blennow, K., van Duijn, C. M., Barkhof, F., Tang, E. Y. H., Mummery, C. J., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00895-4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Imaging of Synaptic Density in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Carson, R. E., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Koohsari, S., Yang, Y., Chen, M.-K., Matuskey, D., & Finnema, S. J. (2022) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.263201 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Dell, R. S., Mecca, A. P., Chen, M.-K., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Lu, Y., Godek, T. A., Harris, J. E., Bartlett, H. H., Banks, E. R., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00742-y · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo evidence of lower synaptic vesicle density in schizophrenia
Radhakrishnan, R., Skosnik, P. D., Ranganathan, M., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Finnema, S., Hillmer, A. T., Esterlis, I., Huang, Y., Nabulsi, N., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01184-0 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo synaptic density loss is related to tau deposition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Vanhaute, H., Ceccarini, J., Michiels, L., Koole, M., Sunaert, S., Lemmens, R., Triau, E., Emsell, L., Vandenbulcke, M., & Van Laere, K. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009818 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Gendron, T., Sander, K., Cybulska, K. A., Benhamou, L., Sin, P. K. B., Khan, A., Wood, M., Porter, M. J., & Årstad, E. (2018) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.8b06730 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationToyonaga, T., Smith, L. M., Finnema, S. J., Gallezot, J.-D., Naganawa, M., Bini, J., Mulnix, T., Cai, Z., Ropchan, J., Huang, Y., et al. (2019) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.223867 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationLate‐Stage 18F‐Difluoromethyl Labeling of N‐Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging
Trump, L., Lemos, A., Lallemand, B., Pasau, P., Mercier, J., Lemaire, C. F., Luxen, A., & Génicot, C. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201907488 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationMansur, A., Rabiner, E. A., Comley, R. A., Lewis, Y. L., Middleton, L. T., Huiban, M., Passchier, J., Tsukada, H., & Gunn, R. N. (2019) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.119.228080 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Andersen, K. B., Hansen, A. K., Damholdt, M. F., Horsager, J., Skjærbæk, C., Gottrup, H., Klit, H., Schacht, A. C., Danielsen, E. H., Brooks, D. J., et al. (2021) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28617 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Imaging the effect of ketamine on synaptic density (SV2A) in the living brain
Holmes, S. E., Finnema, S. J., Naganawa, M., DellaGioia, N., Holden, D., Fowles, K., Davis, M., Ropchan, J., Emory, P., Ye, Y., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01465-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Dynamic PET scans were performed over 120mins on a Focus220 PET scanner (Siemens Preclinical Solutions) and arterial blood samples were collected for generation of the metabolite-corrected arterial input function, as described previously [50].”
MethodSelf-citationFinnema, S. J., Toyonaga, T., Detyniecki, K., Chen, M., Dias, M., Wang, Q., Lin, S., Naganawa, M., Gallezot, J., Lu, Y., et al. (2020) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.16653 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, M.-K., Mecca, A. P., Naganawa, M., Gallezot, J., Toyonaga, T., Mondal, J., Finnema, S. J., Lin, S.-F., O’Dell, R. S., McDonald, J. W., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x211004312 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondrial Complex 1, Sigma 1, and Synaptic Vesicle 2A in Early Drug‐Naive Parkinson's Disease
Wilson, H., Pagano, G., de Natale, E. R., Mansur, A., Caminiti, S. P., Polychronis, S., Middleton, L. T., Price, G., Schmidt, K. F., Gunn, R. N., et al. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28064 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Synaptic vesicle protein 2A as a potential biomarker in synaptopathies
Heurling, K., Ashton, N. J., Leuzy, A., Zimmer, E. R., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Eriksson, J., Lubberink, M., & Schöll, M. (2019) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2019.02.001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Galantamine-Memantine combination in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and beyond
Koola, M. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113409 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Constantinescu, C. C., Tresse, C., Zheng, M., Gouasmat, A., Carroll, V. M., Mistico, L., Alagille, D., Sandiego, C. M., Papin, C., MAREK, K. L., et al. (2018) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-018-1260-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience?
Serrano, M. E., Kim, E., Petrinovic, M. M., Turkheimer, F., & Cash, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.796129 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ribarič, S. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020355 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Finnema, S. J., Rossano, S., Naganawa, M., Henry, S., Gao, H., Pracitto, R., Maguire, R. P., Mercier, J., Kervyn, S., Nicolas, J., et al. (2019) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.14701 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychedelic‐inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders
Saeger, H. N., & Olson, D. E. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15544 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Li, S., Cai, Z., Zhang, W., Holden, D., Lin, S.-F., Finnema, S. J., Shirali, A., Ropchan, J., Carre, S., Mercier, J., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04357-w · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationThomsen, M. B., Ferreira, S. A., Schacht, A. C., Jacobsen, J., Simonsen, M., Betzer, C., Jensen, P. H., Brooks, D. J., Landau, A. M., & Romero‐Ramos, M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105229 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Li, S., Naganawa, M., Pracitto, R., Najafzadeh, S., Holden, D., Henry, S., Matuskey, D., Emery, P. R., Cai, Z., Ropchan, J., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-020-05149-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationTaddei, C., & Pike, V. W. (2019) · EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry · doi:10.1186/s41181-019-0073-4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Synaptic density in healthy human aging is not influenced by age or sex: a 11C-UCB-J PET study
Michiels, L., Delva, A., van Aalst, J., Ceccarini, J., Vandenberghe, W., Vandenbulcke, M., Koole, M., Lemmens, R., & Laere, K. V. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117877 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Mertens, N., Maguire, R. P., Serdons, K., Lacroix, B. D., Mercier, J., Sciberras, D. G., Laere, K. V., & Koole, M. J. B. (2019) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-019-01387-6 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationWarnier, C., Lemaire, C., Becker, G., Zaragoza, G., Giacomelli, F., Aerts, J., Otabashi, M., Bahri, M. A., Mercier, J., Plenevaux, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00905 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationPreliminary in vivo evidence of lower hippocampal synaptic density in cannabis use disorder
D’Souza, D. C., Radhakrishnan, R., Naganawa, M., Ganesh, S., Nabulsi, N., Najafzadeh, S., Ropchan, J., Ranganathan, M., Cortes-Briones, J., Huang, Y., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00891-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMercier, J., Provins, L., & Valade, A. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.11.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation and noninvasive kinetic modeling of [ <sup>11</sup> C]UCB-J PET imaging in mice
Bertoglio, D., Verhaeghe, J., Miranda, A., Kertesz, I., Cybulska, K., Korat, Š., Wyffels, L., Stroobants, S., Mrzljak, L., Dominguez, C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x19864081 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
PET Imaging for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
Bao, W., Jia, H., Finnema, S. J., Cai, Z., Carson, R. E., & Huang, Y. H. (2017) · PET Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2017.03.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationFluid and imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Where we stand and where to head to
Henriques, A. D., Benedet, A. L., Camargos, E. F., Rosa‐Neto, P., & Nóbrega, O. D. T. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhang, W., Pracitto, R., Wu, X., Baum, E. J., Finnema, S. J., Holden, D., Toyonaga, T., Lin, S.-F., et al. (2020) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00618 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationMalpetti, M., Jones, P. S., Cope, T. E., Holland, N., Naessens, M., Rouse, M. A., Rittman, T., Savulich, G., Whiteside, D. J., Street, D., et al. (2023) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26543 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Johansen, A., Armand, S., Plavén-Sigray, P., Nasser, A., Ozenne, B., Petersen, I. N., Keller, S. H., Madsen, J., Beliveau, V., Møller, K., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02285-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Vanderlinden, G., Ceccarini, J., Vande Casteele, T., Michiels, L., Lemmens, R., Triau, E., Serdons, K., Tournoy, J., Koole, M., Vandenbulcke, M., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01672-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pfeifer, V., Zeltner, T., Fackler, C., Kraemer, A., Thoma, J., Zeller, A., & Kiesling, R. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202109043 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Agnorelli, C., Spriggs, M. J., Godfrey, K., Sawicka, G., Bohl, B., Douglass, H. M., Fagiolini, A. M., Parastoo, H., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106132 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Tuncel, H., Boellaard, R., Coomans, E. M., de Vries, E. F., Glaudemans, A. W., Feltes, P. K., García, D. V., Verfaillie, S. C., Wolters, E. E., Sweeney, S. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20964248 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Synaptic loss and its association with symptom severity in Parkinson’s disease
Holmes, S. E., Honhar, P., Tinaz, S., Naganawa, M., Hilmer, A. T., Gallezot, J., Dias, M., Yang, Y., Toyonaga, T., Esterlis, I., et al. (2024) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-024-00655-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvancement in Production of Radiotracers
Hansen, S. B., & Bender, D. (2021) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.10.003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Smart, K., Liu, H., Matuskey, D., Chen, M.-K., Torres, K., Nabulsi, N., Labaree, D., Ropchan, J., Hillmer, A. T., Huang, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20946198 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationThomsen, M. B., Jacobsen, J., Lillethorup, T. P., Schacht, A. C., Simonsen, M., Romero-Ramos, M., Brooks, D. J., & Landau, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20931140 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Molecular pathology and synaptic loss in primary tauopathies: an 18F-AV-1451 and 11C-UCB-J PET study
Holland, N., Malpetti, M., Rittman, T., Mak, E. E., Passamonti, L., Kaalund, S. S., Hezemans, F. H., Jones, P. S., Savulich, G., Hong, Y. T., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab282 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Angarita, G. A., Worhunsky, P. D., Naganawa, M., Toyonaga, T., Nabulsi, N. B., Li, C. R., Esterlis, I., Skosnik, P. D., Radhakrishnan, R., Pittman, B., et al. (2022) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13123 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Aalst, J., Ceccarini, J., Sunaert, S. G., Dupont, P. J., Koole, M. J. B., & Laere, K. V. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20981502 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Partial volume correction analysis for 11C-UCB-J PET studies of Alzheimer's disease
Lu, Y., Toyonaga, T., Naganawa, M., Gallezot, J., Chen, M.-K., Mecca, A. P., van Dyck, C. H., & Carson, R. E. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118248 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationTracing synaptic loss in Alzheimer's brain with SV2A PET‐tracer UCB‐J
Kumar, A., Scarpa, M., & Nordberg, A. K. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13720 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zheng, C., Holden, D., Zheng, M., Pracitto, R., Wilcox, K. C., Lindemann, M., Felchner, Z., Zhang, L., Tong, J., Fowles, K., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-021-05597-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationImaging Mechanisms of Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond Brain Atrophy
Bagnato, F. R., Gauthier, S. A., Laule, C., Moore, G. R. W., Bove, R. M., Cai, Z., Cohen‐Adad, J., Harrison, D. M., Klawiter, E. C., Morrow, S. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12700 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bertoglio, D., Verhaeghe, J., Wyffels, L., Miranda, A., Stroobants, S., Mrzljak, L., Dominguez, C., Skinbjerg, M., Bard, J., Liu, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.262709 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Onwordi, E. C., Whitehurst, T., Shatalina, E., Mansur, A., Arumuham, A., Osugo, M., Marques, T. R., Jauhar, S., Gupta, S., Mehrotra, R., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.022 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
SV2A PET imaging in human neurodegenerative diseases
Bavarsad, M. S., & Grinberg, L. T. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380561 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Synaptic changes in psychiatric and neurological disorders: State-of-the art of in vivo imaging
Howes, O., Marcinkowska, J., Turkheimer, F. E., & Carr, R. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01943-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Patel, S., Knight, A. C., Krause, S., Teceno, T. J., Tresse, C., Li, S., Cai, Z., Gouasmat, A., Carroll, V. M., Barret, O., et al. (2019) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-019-01428-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationAceves-Serrano, L., Neva, J. L., & Doudet, D. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.787403 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Quantification of SV2A Binding in Rodent Brain Using [18F]SynVesT-1 and PET Imaging
Sadasivam, P., Fang, X. T., Toyonaga, T., Lee, S., Xu, Y., Zheng, M.-Q., Spurrier, J., Huang, Y., Strittmatter, S. M., Carson, R. E., et al. (2021) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-020-01567-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmacokinetic Characterization of [<sup>18</sup>F]UCB-H PET Radiopharmaceutical in the Rat Brain
Becker, G., Warnier, C., Serrano, M. E., Bahri, M. A., Mercier, J., Lemaire, C., Salmon, E., Luxen, A., & Plenevaux, A. (2017) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00235 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Rise of Synaptic Density PET Imaging
Becker, G., Dammicco, S., Bahri, M. A., & Salmon, É. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25102303 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Identifying brain networks in synaptic density PET (11C-UCB-J) with independent component analysis
Fang, X. T., Toyonaga, T., Hillmer, A. T., Matuskey, D., Holmes, S. E., Radhakrishnan, R., Mecca, A. P., van Dyck, C. H., D'Souza, D. C., Esterlis, I., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118167 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationHuntington’s Disease: A Review of the Known PET Imaging Biomarkers and Targeting Radiotracers
Cybulska, K. A., Perk, L. R., Booij, J., Laverman, P., & Rijpkema, M. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25030482 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Quantitative PET Imaging in Drug Development: Estimation of Target Occupancy
Naganawa, M., Gallezot, J., Rossano, S. M., & Carson, R. E. (2017) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-017-0374-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationToyonaga, T., Khattar, N., Wu, Y., Lu, Y., Naganawa, M., Gallezot, J., Matuskey, D., Mecca, A. P., Pittman, B. P., Dias, M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-023-06487-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationStankoff, B., Poirion, É., Tonietto, M., & Bodini, B. (2018) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12641 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Simplified Quantification of 11C-UCB-J PET Evaluated in a Large Human Cohort
Naganawa, M., Gallezot, J., Finnema, S. J., Matuskey, D., Mecca, A. P., Nabulsi, N., Labaree, D. C., Ropchan, J. R., Malison, R. T., D’Souza, D. C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.120.243949 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationLower synaptic density is associated with psychiatric and cognitive alterations in obesity
Asch, R., Holmes, S. E., Jastreboff, A. M., Potenza, M. N., Baldassarri, S. R., Carson, R. E., Pietrzak, R. H., & Esterlis, I. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01111-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationLoftus, J. R., Puri, S., & Meyers, S. P. (2023) · Insights into Imaging · doi:10.1186/s13244-022-01358-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
11C-UCB-J synaptic PET and multimodal imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies
Nicastro, N., Holland, N., Savulich, G., Carter, S. F., Mak, E., Hong, Y. T., Milicevic Sephton, S., Fryer, T. D., Aigbirhio, F. I., Rowe, J. B., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Hybrid Imaging · doi:10.1186/s41824-020-00093-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Autoradiographic mapping of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A in non‐human primate and human brain
Varnäs, K., Stepanov, V., & Halldin, C. (2020) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.22157 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Structural basis for antiepileptic drugs and botulinum neurotoxin recognition of SV2A
Yamagata, A., Ito, K., Suzuki, T., Dohmae, N., Terada, T., & Shirouzu, M. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47322-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Muglia, P., Hannestad, J. O., Brandt, C., DeBruyn, S., Germani, M., Lacroix, B. D., Majoie, M., Otoul, C., Sciberras, D. G., Steinhoff, B. J., et al. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa183 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationWebb, E., & Scott, P. J. H. (2021) · PET Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2021.06.012 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nabulsi, N. B., Mercier, J., Holden, D., Carré, S., Najafzadeh, S., Vandergeten, M.-C., Lin, S.-F., Deo, A., Price, N., Wood, M., Lara-Jaime, T., Montel, F., Laruelle, M., Carson, R. E., Hannestad, J., & Huang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- UCB Pharma (Belgium) (BE)
- Intra Cellular Therapies (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Nuclear Medicine
- Publisher
- Society of Nuclear Medicine
- Published
- 2016-02-04
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 777-784
- ISSN
- 0161-5505 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-662X
- OpenAlex
- W2311377444
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 14.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Nuclear Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- [11C]UCB-J, SV2A, PET radiotracer, radiotracer synthesis, Suzuki coupling, target occupancy, receptor binding, tissue distribution, rhesus monkeys, antiepileptic drugs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Female, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Permeability, Pyridines, Pyrrolidines, Pyrrolidinones, Radiochemistry, Tissue Distribution, Positron-Emission Tomography, Rats, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
