Validity of the Japanese version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire
Abstract
To assess circadian preference with a score, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) has been used for more than 3 decades now. More recently, the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) was developed: it asks for sleep-wake behavior on work and free days and uses the midpoint of sleep on free days (MSF), corrected for sleep debt accumulated during the work week as an indicator of chronotype (MSFsc). In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the MCTQ by using a translation/back-translation approach including an examination of its semantic validity. In a subsequent questionnaire survey, 450 adult men and women completed the Japanese versions of the MCTQ and MEQ. Results showed that MEQ scores were significantly negatively correlated with mid-sleep parameters assessed by the MCTQ, on both, work and free days, as well as with the chronotype measure MSFsc (r = -0.580 to -0.652, all p < 0.001). As in the original German version, the strongest correlation was observed between MEQ score and MSF. A physiological validation study using dim light melatonin onset as a circadian phase marker (N = 37) showed a high correlation between chronotype as assessed with the MSFsc (r = 0.542, p < 0.001), and less so for MEQ score (r = -0.402, p = 0.055). These results demonstrate the validity of the Japanese MCTQ and provide further support of the adequacy of the MCTQ as a chronotype measure.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The MEQ measures psychological preference for behavior but has been shown to correlate less with DLMO than measures of sleep timing obtained with the MCTQ in one study but not in another.
“The MEQ specifically measures the psychological preference for behavior but has been shown to correlate less with DLMO than measures of sleep timing obtained with the MCTQ in one study (34) but not in another (26).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
The MCTQ is known to provide data on social jet lag and has been reported to correlate better than the MEQ with biological measures such as DLMO in one study but not in another.
“To this end, the MCTQ is known to provide data on social jet lag and has been reported to correlate better than the MEQ with biological measures such as DLMO in one study (34) but not in another (26).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
Cites
A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness- eveningness in human circadian rhythms
Home, J. K. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,783 · see citing works
Life between Clocks: Daily Temporal Patterns of Human Chronotypes
Roenneberg, T., Wirz-Justice, A., & Merrow, M. (2003) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730402239679 · Cited by 2,662 · see citing works
Social Jetlag: Misalignment of Biological and Social Time
Wittmann, M., Dinich, J., Merrow, M., & Roenneberg, T. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520500545979 · Cited by 2,625 · see citing works
A marker for the end of adolescence
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., & Merrow, M. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of the human circadian clock
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Juda, M., Kantermann, T., Allebrandt, K., Gordijn, M., & Merrow, M. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005 · Cited by 1,545 · see citing works
Self-citationRoenneberg, T., Allebrandt, K. V., Merrow, M., & Vetter, C. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.038 · Cited by 1,407 · see citing works
Circadian typology: a comprehensive review
Adan, A., Archer, S. N., Hidalgo, M. P., Di Milia, L., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.719971 · Cited by 1,384 · see citing works
ETHICS AND METHODS FOR BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM RESEARCH ON ANIMALS AND HUMAN BEINGS
Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.516381 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Adjusted P-Values for Simultaneous Inference
Wright, S. P. (1992) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532694 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Benloucif, S., Burgess, H. J., Klerman, E. B., Lewy, A. J., Middleton, B., Murphy, P. J., Parry, B. L., & Revell, V. L. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27083 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C. M., Beersma, D. G. M., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200053536 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
The human circadian clock entrains to sun time
Roenneberg, T., Kumar, C., & Merrow, M. W. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.011 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Circadian Time of Morning Light Administration and Therapeutic Response in Winter Depression
Terman, J. S., Terman, M., Lo, E.-S., & Cooper, T. B. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.69 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
The Human Circadian Clock's Seasonal Adjustment Is Disrupted by Daylight Saving Time
Kantermann, T., Juda, M., Merrow, M. W., & Roenneberg, T. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.025 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Morningness/eveningness and the need for sleep
Taillard, J., Philip, P., & Bioulac, B. H. (1999) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00176.x · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Melatonin: Characteristics, Concerns, and Prospects
Arendt, J. (2005) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730405277492 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Reviewing the psychometric properties of contemporary circadian typology measures
Di Milia, L., Adan, A., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.817415 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
MODIFICATIONS TO WEEKEND RECOVERY SLEEP DELAY CIRCADIAN PHASE IN OLDER ADOLESCENTS
Crowley, S. J., & Carskadon, M. A. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.503293 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
SLEEP LOGS OF YOUNG ADULTS WITH SELF-SELECTED SLEEP TIMES PREDICT THE DIM LIGHT MELATONIN ONSET
Martin, S. K., & Eastman, C. I. (2002) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120006080 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Differential impact of chronotype on weekday and weekend sleep timing and duration
Duffy, J. F., & Roepke (2010) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s12572 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Burgess, H. J., Savic, N., Sletten, T., Roach, G., Gilbert, S. S., & Dawson, D. (2003) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0102_3 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Sleeping-in on the weekend delays circadian phase and increases sleepiness the following week
TAYLOR, A., WRIGHT, H. R., & LACK, L. C. (2008) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00356.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Differences in Sleep-Wake Habits and EEG Sleep Variables between Active Morning and Evening Subjects
Ishihara, K., Miyasita, A., Inugami, M., Fukuda, K., & Miyata, Y. (1987) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/10.4.330 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Liu, X., Uchiyama, M., Shibui, K., Kim, K., Kudo, Y., Tagaya, H., Suzuki, H., & Okawa, M. (2000) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00793-x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Vetter, C., Juda, M., & Roenneberg, T. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.707999 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A Single Dose of Melatonin Prevents the Phase Delay Associated with a Delayed Weekend Sleep Pattern
Yang, C., Spielman, A. J., D’Ambrosio, P., Serizaw, S., Nunes, J., & Birnbaum, J. (2001) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/24.3.272 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Validity of the Japanese Version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire
Ishihara, K., Saitoh, T., Inoue, Y., & Miyata, Y. (1984) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1984.59.3.863 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Blue-enriched office light competes with natural light as a zeitgeber
Vetter, C., Juda, M., Lang, D., Wojtysiak, A., & Roenneberg, T. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3144 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Park, Y. M., Seo, Y.-J., Matsumoto, K., Shinkoda, H., & PARK, K. P. (1997) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.143 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Chronotype Predicts Activity Patterns in the Neural Underpinnings of the Motor System During the Day
Peres, I., Vetter, C., Blautzik, J., Reiser, M. F., Pöppel, E., Meindl, T., Roenneberg, T., & Gutyrchik, E. (2011) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2011.619084 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review
Roenneberg, T., Pilz, L. K., Zerbini, G., & Winnebeck, E. C. (2019) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology8030054 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Chronotypes in the US–influence of age and sex
Fischer, D., Lombardi, D. A., Marucci-Wellman, H., & Roenneberg, T. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178782 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Night Shift Work, Genetic Risk, and Type 2 Diabetes in the UK Biobank
Vetter, C., Dashti, H. S., Lane, J. M., Anderson, S. G., Schernhammer, E. S., Rutter, M. K., Saxena, R., & Scheer, F. A. J. L. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1933 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Kantermann, T., Sung, H., & Burgess, H. J. (2015) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730415597520 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
“Only one study to date has compared the MEQ, MCTQ, and the DLMO in the same individuals (Kitamura et al., 2014).”
InfluentialCircadian disruption: what do we actually mean?
Vetter, C. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14255 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
“This mid-sleep variable correlates with dim light melatonin onset (DLMO, r=0.4–0.8), a gold-standard circadian marker (Burgess et al., 2003; Kitamura et al., 2014; Kantermann et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialChronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health
Almoosawi, S., Vingeliene, S., Gachon, F., Voortman, T., Palla, L., Johnston, J. D., Van Dam, R. M., Darimont, C., & Karagounis, L. G. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy070 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
“To this end, the MCTQ is known to provide data on social jet lag and has been reported to correlate better than the MEQ with biological measures such as DLMO in one study (34) but not in another (26).”
MethodThe Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review
Mazri, F. H., Manaf, Z. A., Shahar, S., & Mat Ludin, A. F. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010068 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“Chronotype was shown to be correlated with the physiological marker of circadian rhythm, the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) [52,54].”
BackgroundThe µMCTQ: An Ultra-Short Version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire
Ghotbi, N., Pilz, L. K., Winnebeck, E. C., Vetter, C., Zerbini, G., Lenssen, D., Frighetto, G., Salamanca, M., Costa, R., Montagnese, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730419886986 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Having Trouble Typing? What on Earth Is Chronotype?
Roenneberg, T. (2015) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730415603835 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Mid-sleep times are a fairly good representation of dim-light melatonin onset (Burgess and Eastman, 2005; Crowley et al., 2014; Kantermann et al., 2015; Kitamura et al., 2014; Simpkin et al., 2014; Wright et al., 2013), but such a test cannot even be performed between the MEQ and some other objective measurement that…”
BackgroundAssociation between work productivity and sleep health: A cross-sectional study in Japan
Ishibashi, Y., & Shimura, A. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.016 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Kennaway, D. J. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad033 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma
Maidstone, R. J., Turner, J., Vetter, C., Dashti, H. S., Saxena, R., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Shea, S. A., Kyle, S. D., Lawlor, D. A., Loudon, A. S. I., et al. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215218 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Estimating individual optimal sleep duration and potential sleep debt
Kitamura, S., Katayose, Y., Nakazaki, K., Motomura, Y., Oba, K., Katsunuma, R., Terasawa, Y., Enomoto, M., Moriguchi, Y., Hida, A., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35812 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Dickerman, B. A., Markt, S. C., Koskenvuo, M. J., Hublin, C., Pukkala, ., Mucci, L. A., & Kaprio, J. A. (2016) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0815-5 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“chronotypes have a later subjective internal night and exhibit a later peak in melatonin compared to earlier chronotypes [30].”
BackgroundAssociation between the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Wrist Actigraphy
Santisteban, J. A., Brown, T. G., & Gruber, R. (2018) · Sleep Disorders · doi:10.1155/2018/5646848 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“A strength of this study, compared to previous ones using comparing the MCTQ with dim light melatonin onset [10, 23], is the larger sample size.”
ResultA novel method to visualise and quantify circadian misalignment
Fischer, D. R., Vetter, C., & Roenneberg, T. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38601 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Vetter, C., Chang, S., Devore, E. E., Rohrer, F., Okereke, O. I., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.022 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“72) (Megdal & Schernhammer, 2007), sleep timing (Kitamura et al., 2014; Zavada et al., 2005) and dim light melatonin onset (Kantermann et al.”
BackgroundSleep and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
von Schnurbein, J., Boettcher, C., Brandt, S., Karges, B., Dunstheimer, D., Galler, A., Denzer, C., Denzer, F., Vollbach, H., Wabitsch, M., et al. (2017) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12538 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire parameters correlate well with those derived from sleep logs,(18) the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire score,(23) and dim light melatonin onset.(24) The Sleep Quality Scale(19) is a short and comprehensive 6-item scale composed of 1 item of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(25)…”
MethodThe circadian typology: the role of physical activity and melatonin
Montaruli, A., Galasso, L., Caumo, A., Cè, E., Pesenti, C., Roveda, E., & Esposito, F. (2017) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-017-0389-y · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A survey on social jetlag in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey
Komada, Y., Okajima, I., Kitamura, S., & Inoue, Y. (2019) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-019-00229-w · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population
Porcheret, K., Lucien Wald, A., Fritschi, L., Gerkema, M. P., Gordijn, M. C. M., Merrrow, M., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Rock, D. J., Sletten, T. L., Warman, G. R., et al. (2018) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1482556 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“The MCTQ has been validated against actigraphic recordings (Vetter et al. 2015) and melatonin rhythms (Kitamura et al. 2014).”
MethodNowack, K., & van der Meer, E. E. (2018) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1500477 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“In line with previous investigations (e.g. Kitamura et al. 2014; Zavada, 2005), MEQ scores (ranging from 26 to 64) and MSF (ranging from 2:30 hours to 7:15 hours) were strongly correlated in our sample (r = −0.65, p < .001).”
ResultInfluentialAverage mid‐sleep time as a proxy for circadian phase
Kantermann, T., & Burgess, H. J. (2017) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.182 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Association between Irregular Meal Timing and the Mental Health of Japanese Workers
Tahara, Y., Makino, S., Suiko, T., Nagamori, Y., Iwai, T., Aono, M., & Shibata, S. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082775 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Keller, L. K., Grünewald, B., Vetter, C., Roenneberg, T., & Schulte‐Körne, G. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0977-z · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Uekata, S., Kato, C., Nagaura, Y., Eto, H., & Kondo, H. (2019) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.04.013 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
O’Loughlin, J., Casanova, F., Jones, S. E., Hagenaars, S. P., Beaumont, R. N., Freathy, R. M., Watkins, E. R., Vetter, C., Rutter, M. K., Cain, S. W., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01157-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationReiter, A. M., Sargent, C., & Roach, G. D. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1809443 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Reiter, A. M., Sargent, C., & Roach, G. D. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3020021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ritchie, H., Burke, T. M., Dear, T. B., McHill, A. W., Axelsson, J., & Wright, K. P. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12525 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Findings from prior studies indicate that DLMO and MSFsc are significantly correlated (Kantermann et al., 2015; Kitamura et al., 2014;Wright et al., 2013).”
MethodCircadian-Based Therapies for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
Burgess, H. J., & Emens, J. S. (2016) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-016-0052-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
da Silva, A. C. R., Simón, D., Pannunzio, B., Casaravilla, C., Díaz, Á., & Tassino, B. (2019) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep1030029 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“DLMO correlates with circadian preferences [31,32], shows seasonal changes [9,83–85], and can be either advanced or delayed by light [20,22,64,78,86].”
BackgroundEarly chronotype with advanced activity rhythms and dim light melatonin onset in a rural population
Ruiz, F. S., Beijamini, F., Beale, A. D., Gonçalves, B. D. S. B., Vartanian, D., Taporoski, T. P., Middleton, B., Krieger, J. E., Vallada, H., Arendt, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.12675 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQPT)
Reis, C., Madeira, S. G., Lopes, L. V., Paiva, T., & Roenneberg, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00795 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cheng, W., & Hang, L. (2018) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1439500 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“The participants in this study were 5 to 10 years younger than those in previous studies (Juda et al. 2013a; Juda et al. 2013b; Kitamura et al. 2014), and therefore had a comparatively later MSF and longer sleep duration.”
MethodResultLang, C., Richardson, C. E., Micic, G., & Gradisar, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.785079 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Estevan, I., Silva, A., Vetter, C., & Tassino, B. (2020) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730420927601 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“In large-scale studies, chronotype can be measured by questionnaires, with sleep behavior–based markers such as the mid-sleep on free days adjusted for sleep debt during work days (MSFsc) correlating fairly well with physiological parameters of the human circadian rhythm (Kantermann et al., 2015; Kitamura et al., 2014…”
BackgroundValidation of the Korean Munich Chronotype Questionnaire
Suh, S. A., Kim, S. H., Ryu, H., Choi, S. J., & Joo, E. Y. (2018) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-017-1609-z · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yoshizaki, T., & Togo, F. (2021) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ode, K. L., Shi, S., Katori, M., Mitsui, K., Takanashi, S., Oguchi, R., Aoki, D., & Ueda, H. R. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103727 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“For example, smartphone-based (Toon et al., 2016) and wristband-type sleep monitoring (de Zambotti et al., 2016; Kosmadopoulos et al., 2014; Walch et al., 2019) have been proposed.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChronotyp und Depression bei Jugendlichen – ein Review
Keller, L. K., Zöschg, S., Grünewald, B., Roenneberg, T., & Schulte‐Körne, G. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000406 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Validation of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire in Korean Older Adults*
Ryu, H., Joo, E. Y., Choi, S. J., & Suh, S. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2018.04.09 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“21, 23, 56 Specifically, Zavada et al.”
Higuchi, S., Lin, Y., Qiu, J., Zhang, Y., Ohashi, M., Lee, S., Kitamura, S., & Yasukouchi, A. (2021) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-021-00257-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“It is known that a free day without social restriction tends to reflect individual chronotypes [30].”
BackgroundCheung, F., Ho, A., Chan, J., Li, X., Chan, N., Zhang, J.-H., Ho, C.-S., Wing, Y. K., & Li, S. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2025821 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…often confused by the difference between time for getting into bed (Item 1: “I go to bed at . . . o’clock”) and time to sleep (Item 2: “I actually get ready and fall asleep at . . . o’clock”) (Kitamura et al. 2014; Suh et al. 2018), this was not observed in the current sample of the pilot study.”
ResultInfluentialFárková, E., Novák, J. M., Manková, D., & Kopřivová, J. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1787426 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
田村, 典., & Okamura, K. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.06.005 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chronotype and social jet-lag in relation to body weight, apetite, sleep quality and fatigue
Fárková, E., Šmotek, M., Bendová, Z., Manková, D., & Kopřivová, J. (2019) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2019.1630096 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The study complements the previous work that has been carried out in the field (Adan and Natale 2002; Roenneberg et al. 2007; Randler 2007; Kitamura et al. 2014; Randler and Engelke 2019).”
ResultComas, M., Flores, A. S., Lovato, N., Miller, C., Bartlett, D., Grunstein, R., Chapman, J., & Gordon, C. (2023) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci13040613 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“[42] found a significant correlation between DLMO and various MCTQ parameters but not between DLMO and MEQ in healthy participants.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChronotype, Social Jetlag, and Nicotine Use
Ghotbi, N., Rabenstein, A., Pilz, L. K., Rüther, T., & Roenneberg, T. (2023) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304231177197 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“It has been validated in various studies against actimetry and biochemical measurements of the circadian clock (Kantermann et al., 2015; Kitamura et al., 2014; Pilz et al., 2018).”
BackgroundLang, C., Richardson, C. E., Short, M. A., & Gradisar, M. (2022) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Later chronotype is associated with unhealthful plant-based diet quality in young Japanese women
Kawasaki, Y., Akamatsu, R., Fujiwara, Y., Omori, M., Sugawara, M., Yamazaki, Y., Matsumoto, S., Iwakabe, S., & Kobayashi, T. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105468 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Psychometric Testing of a Food Timing Questionnaire and Food Timing Screener
Chakradeo, P. S., Rasmussen, H. E., Swanson, G. R., Swanson, B. A., Fogg, L., Bishehsari, F., Burgess, H. J., & Keshavarzian, A. (2021) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzab148 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The validity of the MCTQ has been supported by positive correlations between MCTQ-measured chronotype and dim light melatonin onset (30) and associations between mid-sleep on free days corrected for sleep-debt accumulated through weekdays (MSFsc) and dim light melatonin onset (30, 32).”
Yamamoto, K., Ota, M., Minematsu, A., Motokawa, K., Yokoyama, Y., Yano, T., Watanabe, Y., & Yoshizaki, T. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10121996 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Demographic characteristics (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), residential status (alone or other), self-reported current medical history and past medical history (yes or no), current drinker (yes or no) and smoker (yes or no)) were based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [26], which was…”
MethodNight Shift Work Affects Urine Metabolite Profiles of Nurses with Early Chronotype
Rotter, M., Brandmaier, S., Covic, M., Burek, K., Hertel, J., Troll, M., Bader, E., Adam, J., Prehn, C. P., Rathkolb, B., et al. (2018) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo8030045 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Takano, Y., Ibata, R., Nakano, N., & Sakano, Y. (2022) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-022-00242-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The Japanese version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire [20] is a self-report scale to assess social jetlag.”
Method田村, 典., & Okamura, K. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14042 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“The Japanese version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) was used to assess social jetlag and chronotypes (Kitamura et al., 2014).”
MethodWang, S., Wang, H., Deng, X., & Lei, X. (2023) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2023.2202246 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Although much evidence has shown the validity of the MCTQ in different cultures (Cheung et al. 2022; Farkova et al. 2020; Jankowski 2016; Kitamura et al. 2014; Suh et al. 2018), no study has systematically compared the advantages and disadvantages of the MCTQ parameters (MSFsc, MSF, and MSW), and…”
BackgroundResultMaidstone, R. J., Rutter, M. K., Marjot, T., Ray, D. W., & Baxter, M. D. (2023) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-23-0472 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Self-reported chronotype defined in this way has been shown to correlate with dim-light melatonin onset and sleep timing (10, 11, 12).”
BackgroundNishi, T., Saeki, K., Obayashi, K., Miyata, K., Tone, N., Tsujinaka, H., Yamashita, M., Masuda, N., Mizusawa, Y., Okamoto, M., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007930 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Maekawa, H., & Kume, Y. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1626416 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The Munich chronotype questionnaire-Japanese version (MCTQ-J) was also used to measure the midpoint of sleep in free days (MSF) (Kitamura et al. 2014), based on the original questionnaire (Roenneberg et al. 2003).”
MethodInfluentialNitta, L., Tahara, Y., Shinto, T., Makino, S., Kuwahara, M., Tada, A., Abe, N., Michie, M., & Shibata, S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092165 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“For sleep behavior, we used the short version of the Munich Chrono Type Questionnaire to investigate sleep habits and chronotypes using 10 questions [25].”
MethodA detection method for latent circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
Akashi, M., Sogawa, R., Matsumura, R., Nishida, A., Nakamura, R., Tokuda, I. T., & Node, K. (2020) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103080 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“In addition, all subjects completed the Japanese version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), which is a powerful tool for obtaining well-defined sleep parameters such as GUw, local time of getting out of bed on work or school days; SOw, sleep onset on work or school days; GUf, local time of getting out of b…”
MethodTakeuchi, H., Ishizawa, T., Kishi, A., Nakamura, T., Yoshiuchi, K., & Yamamoto, Y. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/49669 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The MEQ score and MSFsc have been used as proxies for individual circadian phases because they are associated with physiological biomarkers of the human endogenous circadian rhythm [47,48].”
MethodIs Propolis a Potential Anti-Obesogenic Agent for Obesity?
Tek, N. A., Akpınar, Ş., & Ersoy, N. (2024) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-024-00524-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Brazilian propolis consumption (100 mg/kg for 12 weeks) has been demonstrated to diminish visceral adipose tissue mass in obese mice [49].”
BackgroundOjio, Y., Kishi, A., Sasaki, T., & Togo, F. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1746796 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tan, C., Sato, K., & Shiotani, H. (2022) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-022-00410-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Social jetlag was evaluated using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire Japanese Version [10, 11].”
MethodInfluentialBorisenkov, M. F., Popov, S. V., Витальевич, С. В., Александровна, М. Е., Solovieva, S. V., Danilova, L., & Gubin, D. G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153302 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Previously, MSFsc and dim light MT onset (DLMO) have been closely associated [38,39], representing a reliable marker of the endogenous rhythm in human CS [5].”
BackgroundChoi, S. J., Suh, S. A., & Joo, E. Y. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.13078/jsm.17004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“4세)의 MSFSC는 4:40 h로, 보고된 연구들과 비교하면 본 교대근무 간호사의 일주기유형이 더 늦다.(10,13) 독일에서 진행한 일반 인과 교대근무자 간의 MCTQ와 MCTQ로 조사한 일주기 유형 분포도에서, 교대근무자의 일주기유형이 상근자보다 더 늦은 시간에 분포하는 것과 유사하다.”
Burgess, H. J., Kikyo, F., Valdespino‐Hayden, Z., Rizvydeen, M., Kimura, M., Pollack, M. H., Hobfoll, S. E., Rajan, K. B., Zalta, A. K., & Burns, J. W. (2018) · Sleep Science and Practice · doi:10.1186/s41606-018-0031-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Shimura, A., Yokoi, K., Sugiura, K., Higashi, S., & Inoue, T. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.03.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effects of Irregular Mealtimes on Social and Eating Jet Lags among Japanese College Students
Nishimura, K., Tamari, Y., Nose, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Onodera, S., & Nagasaki, K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15092128 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The inclusion criteria were as follows: all of the participants who provided data spanning two school holidays and five class days in sleep and meal diaries and completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire in the Japanese version [25] on the last day of completing the sleep and meal diaries were included.”
BackgroundAssociation Between Na, K, and Lipid Intake in Each Meal and Blood Pressure
Imamura, M., Sasaki, H., Shinto, T., Tahara, Y., Makino, S., Kuwahara, M., Tada, A., Abe, N., Michie, M., & Shibata, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.853118 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Integrating wearable data into circadian models
Hannay, K. M., & Moreno, J. P. (2020) · Current Opinion in Systems Biology · doi:10.1016/j.coisb.2020.08.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In particular, measurements of the body temperature at the wrist and mid sleep time have been found to be correlated with the DLMO and have been applied to estimate circadian phase [32,30,31,33,34].”
MethodMajumdar, P., & Sahu, S. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1682597 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Kantermann et al. in 2015 had considered dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in the largest data set known (n = 60) to compare MEQ score with midpoint of sleep on free days (MSFSC) derived from MCTQ to determine chronotype.”
MethodInfluentialde Bruijn, L., Starreveld, D. E. J., Schaapveld, M., van Leeuwen, F. E., Bleiker, E. M. A., & Berentzen, N. E. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13577 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Coirolo, N., Casaravilla, C., Tassino, B., & da Silva, A. C. R. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104676 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In this world with no clear light contrasts, early melatonin onset is associated with early chronotypes, whereas late chronotypes show later DLMO values (Burgess and Eastman, 2005; Kantermann et al., 2015; Kitamura et al., 2014); and chronotype-dependent circadian phase shifts have also been identified (Silva et al.”
BackgroundAssociation between Breakfast Meal Categories and Timing of Physical Activity of Japanese Workers
Roshanmehr, F., Hayashi, K., Tahara, Y., Suiko, T., Nagamori, Y., Iwai, T., & Shibata, S. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11172609 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“There are validation studies of the MCTQ in Japanese participants, and the Japanese version of the questionnaire is widely used [29].”
MethodOta, T., Tan, C., Ishii, A., & Shiotani, H. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2117049 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The MCTQ was created by Roenneberg et al. (2003) and was translated into Japanese by Kitamura et al. (2014).”
MethodTomishima, S., Komada, Y., Tanioka, K., Okajima, I., & Inoue, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.878042 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Mid-Sleep Time on free days was corrected for sleep debt on free days (MSFsc) (17, 18).”
MethodActimetry-Derived 24 h Rest–Activity Rhythm Indices Applied to Predict MCTQ and PSQI
Borisenkov, M. F., Tserne, T. A., Bakutova, L. A., & Gubin, D. G. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12146888 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Murakami, K., Shinozaki, N., Livingstone, M. B. E., Masayasu, S., & Sasaki, S. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107968 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Sleep time and wake time were collected for workdays and work-free days separately, based on the concept of Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (Ghotbi et al., 2020; Kitamura et al., 2014).”
Mazri, F. H., Manaf, Z. A., Shahar, S., Ludin, A. F. M., Karim, N. A., Ban, A. Y.-L., & Osman, R. A. (2021) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2021.1887209 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The intervals between the first and second sleep bouts were not included in the formula: MSFðCÞ ¼ Average SOf þ Total SDfð1stþ2nd sleep boutsÞ 2 (D) The second sleep bout occurred at any time after the first sleep offset and the interval time between the two sleep bouts was included as total sleep duration: MSFðDÞ ¼ A…”
MethodResultInfluentialSaeki, K., Obayashi, K., Nishi, T., Miyata, K., Maruoka, S., Ueda, T., Okamoto, M., Hasegawa, T., Matsuura, T., Tone, N., et al. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-514 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Chronotype and subjective visual function are determined by the ‘morningness-eveningness’ questionnaire (MEQ) [51], the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) [52], and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ25) [53,54].”
MethodDevelopment and validation of the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-J)
Hazumi, M., Kawamura, A., Yoshiike, T., Matsui, K., Kitamura, S., Tsuru, A., Nagao, K., Ayabe, N., Utsumi, T., Izuhara, M., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01557-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Validity and reliability were confirmed in the original and the Japanese versions [44, 45].”
BackgroundMethodCoelho, J., Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., d’Incau, E., Bourgin, P., Gronfier, C., Léger, D., Galvez, P., Philip, P., & Taillard, J. (2024) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2024.2362309 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“To date, the MCTQ has been translated and validated in several languages, including Chinese (Cheung et al. 2022; Wang et al. 2023), Czech (Fárková et al. 2020), Dutch (Roenneberg et al. 2003), English (Di Milia et al. 2013; Kantermann et al. 2015; Reiter et al. 2021; Zavada et al. 2005), Japanese (Kitamura et al. 2014…”
Ferrante, G. R., Goldin, A. P., & Leone, M. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06908-6_13 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kiyotoki, S., Nishikawa, J., Nagata, N., Niikura, R., Doyama, H., Imagawa, A., Hasatani, K., Hatta, W., Sumiyoshi, T., Nebiki, H., et al. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1830791 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The mean MSFSC of our subjects (02.53 h) was earlier than the data previously reported by Kitamura et al. (2014) in Japan (04.31 h).”
MethodResultInfluentialEarly, but not late chronotypes, are up during their biological night when working the night shift
Vetter, C., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2014) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102572 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Asking the Clock: How to Use Information from Questionnaires for Circadian Phenotyping
Vetter, C., Winnebeck, E. C., & Roenneberg, T. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tanioka, K., Kayaba, M., Tomishima, S., Komada, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2034839 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“These items coincided with those included in the Japanese version of the Munich Chronotype questionnaire (Kitamura et al. 2014).”
MethodExamination of sleep factors affecting social jetlag in Japanese male college students
Nishimura, K., Tamari, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Onodera, S., & Nagasaki, K. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2158845 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The inclusion criteria were as follows: participants who completed the Japanese version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) (Kitamura et al. 2014), and participants who provided data spanning five school days and two non-school days in a sleep diary.”
BackgroundInfluentialUse of Clinical Tools and Tests in Sleep Medicine
Goldstein, C. A., & Chervin, R. D. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00060-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Shibata, M., Fujibayashi, M., Shibata, S., Kuzuhara, K., & Tanida, K. (2024) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1777777 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hwang, H., Lee, T., Lee, W., Kim, K. M., Heo, K., & Chu, M. K. (2024) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e257 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Validity of the Persian version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQIR)
Sarvandani, M. N., Asadi, M., Mohtashami, T., Mirrezaie, S. M., Talebi, S., & Garmabi, B. (2023) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-023-02792-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Also recently, a short version of MCTQ has been designed and validated [16] with highly significant correlations with physiological measures such as cortisol and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) [10].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFurihata, R., Shimamoto, T., Makino, Y., Kimata, S., Tateyama, Y., Okabayashi, S., Kiyohara, K., & Iwami, T. (2023) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-023-00453-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“We employed the Japanese version of the MCTQ core module [16, 17], which asks 10 simple questions about sleep and wake behavior, carefully distinguishing between bedtimes and sleep times.”
MethodMurakami, K., Shinozaki, N., Livingstone, M. B. E., McCaffrey, T. A., Masayasu, S., & Sasaki, S. (2025) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-025-01129-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Question items used in this study included sleep habits (sleep time, wake time, and use of alarm clock), based on the concept of Munich ChronoType Questionnaire [74, 75], and timing of eating.”
Intake of l-serine before bedtime prevents the delay of the circadian phase in real life
Ohashi, M., Lee, S., Eto, T., Uotsu, N., Tarumizu, C., Matsuoka, S., Yasuo, S., & Higuchi, S. (2022) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-022-00306-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Murakami, K., Shinozaki, N., McCaffrey, T. A., Livingstone, M. B. E., Masayasu, S., & Sasaki, S. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01740-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Question items included sleep habits (sleep time, wake time, and use of alarm clock), based on the concept of Munich ChronoType Questionnaire [42, 43]; timing of eating; and duration of eating occasions.”
Light in ecological settings: Entrainment, circadian disruption, and interventions
Fischer, D. R., & Hilditch, C. J. (2022) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kitamura, S., Hida, A., Aritake, S., Higuchi, S., Enomoto, M., Kato, M., Vetter, C., Roenneberg, T., & Mishima, K.
- Affiliations
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (JP)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mishima, Kazuo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chronobiology International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-05-14
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 845-850
- ISSN
- 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6073
- OpenAlex
- W2010352546
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, chronotype, circadian preference, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Japanese translation, cross-cultural adaptation, sleep midpoint, sleep debt, dim light melatonin onset, questionnaire validity, semantic validity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Wakefulness, Asian People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
