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Cited by 138Disability Education and EmploymentSchizophrenia research and treatmentEmployment and Welfare Studies

Individual placement and support in Sweden—A randomized controlled trial

Bejerholm, Ulrika, Areberg, Cecilia, Hofgren, Caisa, Sandlund, Mikael, Rinaldi, Miles·2015·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.3109/08039488.2014.929739
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Currently there is no evidence on the effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) in Sweden. AIMS: To determine the effectiveness of IPS on vocational outcomes among people with severe mental illness (SMI) in a Swedish context. A secondary aim was to evaluate a community integration effect. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was used. Mental health outpatients with SMI were randomized to IPS or traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) services. The allocation status was assessor-blinded. The primary outcome was competitive employment. All vocational outcomes were collected continuously, and socio-demographic and clinical variables at baseline, 6 and 18 months. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00960024. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty participants were randomized. Eighty seven per cent were assessed after 6 months, and 73% after 18 months. IPS was more effective than TVR in terms of gaining employment at 18-month follow-up (46% vs. 11%; difference 36%, 95% CI 18-54), along with the amount of working hours and weeks, longer job tenure periods and income. Cox regression analysis showed that IPS participants gained employment five times quicker than those in TVR. Ninety per cent of the IPS participants became involved in work, internships or education, i.e. activities integrated in mainstream community settings, while 24% in the TVR group achieved this. CONCLUSIONS: IPS is effective in a Swedish context in terms of gaining employment and becoming integrated within the local community. The welfare system presented obstacles for gaining competitive employment directly and it was indicated that internships delayed time to first competitive employment.

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  • The interventions included staff training about activity engagement, Individual Placement and Support (IPS), cognitive remediation, Social Recovery Therapy (SRT), a befriending program, lifestyle modification and occupational therapy group programs.

    “These interventions included staff training about activity engagement, its importance for addressing mental illness and approaches to encourage engagement (49); Individual Placement and Support (IPS) (45, 48); cognitive remediation (50); Social Recovery Therapy (SRT) (based on cognitive behavioral strategies) (52–54); a befriending program (56); lifestyle modification (51) and occupational therapy”

    From Contributions of a time use perspective in community mental health practice: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [48]

  • POES has been used to measure activity engagement and community inclusion outcomes of IPS programs for people experiencing severe mental illness, with significant improvements reported with more engagement in a range of activities and community contexts.

    “POES has been used to measure activity engagement and community inclusion outcomes of IPS programs for people experiencing severe mental illness (45, 48), with significant improvements reported with more engagement in a range of activities and community contexts.”

    From Contributions of a time use perspective in community mental health practice: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [48]

  • POES focuses on activities as defined by people with severe mental illness themselves and is more able to evaluate a range of health and well-being aspects of activity engagement that are sensitive to the influence of complex factors like capacities, experiences, and the course of recovery.

    “An alternative approach to time use assessment, such as the POES (36), focuses on activities as defined by people with severe mental illness themselves and is more able to evaluate a range of health and well-being aspects of activity engagement that are sensitive to the influence of complex factors like capacities, experiences, and the course of recovery (36, 37, 48, 51).”

    From Contributions of a time use perspective in community mental health practice: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [48]

  • The demographic profile of this present study is similar to other IPS studies in that it does not represent the SMI population.

    “The demographic profile of this present study is similar to other IPS studies [63, 72–76] in that it does not represent the SMI population.”

    From An enhanced individual placement and support (iPS) intervention based on the model of human occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [73]

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Authors
Bejerholm, U., Areberg, C., Hofgren, C., Sandlund, M., & Rinaldi, M.
Affiliations
  • Lund University (SE)
  • University of Gothenburg (SE)
  • Umeå University (SE)
  • South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust (GB)
Corresponding author
Bejerholm, Ulrika
ORCID
Venue
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2014-07
Volume
69
Issue
1
Pages
57-66
ISSN
  • 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
  • 0803-9488
  • 1502-4725
DOI
10.3109/08039488.2014.929739
OpenAlex
W1970238684
Cited by
138
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4
FWCI
33.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords
Individual Placement and Support, severe mental illness, vocational rehabilitation, competitive employment, social reintegration, employment effects, internships, job tenure, income, Sweden
MeSH terms
Adult, Mental Disorders, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Rehabilitation, Vocational, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden, Single-Blind Method, Employment, Supported, Young Adult, Community Integration

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