Randomized controlled trial of supported employment in England: 2 year follow‐up of the Supported Work and Needs (SWAN) study
Open accessAbstract
Studies from North America have concluded that supported employment using the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model is effective in helping individuals with severe and persistent mental illness gain competitive employment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of IPS in England in patients followed up for 2 years. Patients with severe mental illness were randomised to IPS or local vocational services (treatment as usual). Service use and costs were measured. Two hundred-nineteen participants were randomised, and 86% re-assessed 2 years later. In the multivariate analysis, relatively low rates of competitive employment were found in both the intervention group and the treatment as usual group, although significantly more patients obtained competitive employment in the treatment arm (22% vs. 11%, p=0.041). There were no significant differences in costs. The employment rate among participants receiving IPS was lower than in previously published reports, and the number needed to treat to obtain the benefit of IPS was relatively high. This may reflect difficulties in the implementation of IPS where it is not structurally integrated within mental health teams, as well as economic disincentives which lead to lower levels of motivation for patients and mental health professionals.
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UK randomised control trials of standard IPS outcomes are 46% and 22%.
“In addition, the UK randomised control trials (RCT) of standard IPS outcomes are 46% [62] and 22% [63].”
From An enhanced individual placement and support (iPS) intervention based on the model of human occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [63]
The demographic profile of this present study is similar to other IPS studies in that it does not represent the SMI population.
“The demographic profile of this present study is similar to other IPS studies [63, 72–76] in that it does not represent the SMI population.”
From An enhanced individual placement and support (iPS) intervention based on the model of human occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- HESLIN, M., HOWARD, L., LEESE, M., McCRONE, P., RICE, C., JARRETT, M., SPOKES, T., HUXLEY, P., & THORNICROFT, G.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 132-137
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC3105475
- OpenAlex
- W1561511295
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 16.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- supported employment, Individual Placement and Support, severe mental illness, competitive employment, vocational rehabilitation, cost-effectiveness, number needed to treat, mental health services, treatment implementation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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