Cited by 694Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas ProductionAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants

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Morgavi, D.P., Forano, E., Martin, C., Newbold, C.J.·2010·animal

Abstract

Ruminant production is under increased public scrutiny in terms of the importance of cattle and other ruminants as major producers of the greenhouse gas methane. Methanogenesis is performed by methanogenic archaea, a specialised group of microbes present in several anaerobic environments including the rumen. In the rumen, methanogens utilise predominantly H2 and CO2 as substrates to produce methane, filling an important functional niche in the ecosystem. However, in addition to methanogens, other microbes also have an influence on methane production either because they are involved in hydrogen (H2) metabolism or because they affect the numbers of methanogens or other members of the microbiota. This study explores the relationship between some of these microbes and methanogenesis and highlights some functional groups that could play a role in decreasing methane emissions. Dihydrogen ('H2' from this point on) is the key element that drives methane production in the rumen. Among H2 producers, protozoa have a prominent position, which is strengthened by their close physical association with methanogens, which favours H2 transfer from one to the other. A strong positive interaction was found between protozoal numbers and methane emissions, and because this group is possibly not essential for rumen function, protozoa might be a target for methane mitigation. An important function that is associated with production of H2 is the degradation of fibrous plant material. However, not all members of the rumen fibrolytic community produce H2. Increasing the proportion of non-H2 producing fibrolytic microorganisms might decrease methane production without affecting forage degradability. Alternative pathways that use electron acceptors other than CO2 to oxidise H2 also exist in the rumen. Bacteria with this type of metabolism normally occupy a distinct ecological niche and are not dominant members of the microbiota; however, their numbers can increase if the right potential electron acceptor is present in the diet. Nitrate is an alternative electron sinks that can promote the growth of particular bacteria able to compete with methanogens. Because of the toxicity of the intermediate product, nitrite, the use of nitrate has not been fully explored, but in adapted animals, nitrite does not accumulate and nitrate supplementation may be an alternative under some dietary conditions that deserves to be further studied. In conclusion, methanogens in the rumen co-exist with other microbes, which have contrasting activities. A better understanding of these populations and the pathways that compete with methanogenesis may provide novel targets for emissions abatement in ruminant production.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s1751731110000546

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Authors
Morgavi, D. P., Forano, E., Martin, C., & Newbold, C. J.
Affiliations
  • Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
  • Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores (FR)
  • Aberystwyth University (GB)
Corresponding author
Morgavi, D.P.
Venue
animal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010
Volume
4
Issue
7
Pages
1024-1036
ISSN
1751-7311 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2115480758
Cited by
694
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 19
FWCI
54.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • animal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords
rumen methanogenesis, methanogenic archaea, rumen microbiota, hydrogen transfer, rumen protozoa, hydrogenotrophic bacteria, nitrate supplementation, nitrite toxicity, methane mitigation

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