Effects of transport age and calf and maternal characteristics on health and performance of veal calves
Open accessAbstract
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of calf transport age (14 vs. 28 d) and calf (e.g., sex and breed) and dam characteristics (e.g., parity and ease of birth) on health and performance of veal calves until slaughter age. Calves (n = 683) originated from 13 dairy farms in the Netherlands and were transported at either 14 or 28 d of age from the dairy farm to 8 Dutch veal farms. A health assessment of calves was performed on a weekly basis at the dairy farm and in wk 2, 10, 18, and 24 at the veal farm. Body weight of calves was measured on a weekly basis at the dairy farm and upon arrival at the veal farm. At the veal farm, use of antibiotics and other medicines during the rearing period (both at herd and individual level) was recorded and carcass weights were obtained from the slaughterhouse. Body weight upon arrival (Δ = 11.8 kg) and carcass weight at slaughter (Δ = 14.8 kg) were greater, and mortality risk (Δ = -3.1%) and prevalence of animals treated with medicines other than antibiotics (e.g., antiinflammatories, multivitamins, and anticoccidial drugs; Δ = -5.4%) were lower in calves transported at 28 d compared with calves transported at 14 d. Crossbreds other than Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian received a higher number of individual treatments with antibiotics and other medicines (Δ = 14.8% and Δ = 15.1%, respectively) at the veal farm compared with Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian calves. These findings suggest that calves transported at 28 d were more robust compared with calves transported at 14 d.
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The transport of pre-weaned calves can have significant impacts on their health, welfare, and productivity, as well as on the economic viability of the dairy and veal industries.
“The transport of pre-weaned calves can have significant impacts on their health, welfare, and productivity, as well as on the economic viability of the dairy and veal industries (1, 2).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The Introduction and Effects of Transport Age sections link calf transport and transport age to health, mortality, and performance, supporting those parts of the claim for veal calves. The paper does not establish an impact on the economic viability of the dairy and veal industries; it also does not assess welfare as a separate outcome. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost of the available research on the impact of transport on calves of different ages is based on experimental or observational data and focuses on young calves aged less than 28 days.
“Most of the available research on the impact of transport on calves of different ages is based on experimental or observational data and focuses on young calves aged less than 28 days [28–31].”
From Effects of age and feeding protocols on the metabolic and physiological condition of unweaned calves during and after long-distance transport (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
The Introduction describes an experiment on the effects of transport age, so this paper is an example of research on that topic. But it compares calves transported at 14 and 28 days, not solely calves younger than 28 days. The cited passages also do not establish that most available research focuses on calves under 28 days. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMarcato et al. found that older calves overall showed faster growth, received fewer medical treatments post-transport, and had a lower mortality risk than younger calves.
“Marcato et al. [29] compared the health and welfare of calves aged 14 and 28 days at transport from dairy farms to veal farms in the Netherlands and found that older calves overall showed faster growth, received fewer medical treatments post-transport, and had a lower mortality risk than younger calves.”
From Effects of age and feeding protocols on the metabolic and physiological condition of unweaned calves during and after long-distance transport (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
The discussion reports a greater carcass-weight gain during rearing for calves transported at 28 days, and the Mortality Risk section reports lower veal-farm mortality than for calves transported at 14 days (2.8% versus 5.9%). The Effects of Transport Age section supports fewer post-transport individual treatments other than antibiotics, but reports no difference in individual antibiotic treatments; the claim's unqualified reference to fewer medical treatments overstates that result. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious literature has identified that transporting calves at older ages is associated with improved robustness.
“Given that previous literature has identified that transporting calves at older ages is associated with improved robustness, evaluating blood parameters in calves could provide insight as to the underlying mechanisms of this relationship (Marcato et al., 2022; Goetz et al., 2023b).”
From A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of providing a rest period during long-distance transportation of surplus dairy calves: Part II. Effect on hematological variables (2024) · cites this paper as Marcato et al., 2022
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A narrative review of the challenges and opportunities for calves in pasture-based dairy systems
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- Authors
- Marcato, F., van den Brand, H., Kemp, B., Engel, B., Schnabel, S. K., Hoorweg, F. A., Wolthuis-Fillerup, M., & van Reenen, K.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Marcato, F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1452-1468
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200059811
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Ketenorganisatie van de zuivelsector
- Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit
- Wageningen University and Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- veal calves, calf health, calf growth performance, carcass weight, mortality risk, antibiotic use, crossbred calves, parity, weight gain, veal production
- MeSH terms
- Red Meat, Farms, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Female, Netherlands, Pregnancy
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