Effect of Compaction, Delayed Sealing and Aerobic Exposure on Maize Silage Quality and on Formation of Volatile Organic Compounds
Abstract
Physical and management factors, such as compaction and sealing, greatly influence the outcome of forage conservation. This study aimed to determine the effects of compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure after ensiling on maize silage quality and on formation of volatile organic compounds. Whole‐crop maize (277 g/kg dry matter [ DM ]) in 120‐L plastic silos was compacted at either high or low density, and sealed immediately or with delay at 2 days or 4 days post‐filling (six replicates each). After ensiling for at least 175 days, the silages were exposed to air for 6‐day intervals and sampled at 2‐day intervals. A delay in sealing caused an increase in yeast counts and a decline of up to 65% in water‐soluble carbohydrates before ensiling. Sealing the silos after 4 days caused DM losses of up to 11%. Delayed sealing promoted the formation of ethyl esters at silo opening. A 4‐day delay in sealing resulted in the lowest aerobic stability. Aerobic exposure led to considerable changes in silage composition, a loss in feed value and, finally, spoilage. This study indicates that maize silage quality is adversely affected by low compaction, delayed sealing and aerobic exposure.
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Delaying sealing of corn silage by 4 d in laboratory silos with low packing density led to DM losses of up to 11%, an increase in yeast counts, and a decline of up to 65% in water-soluble carbohydrates.
“Delaying sealing by 4 d led to DM losses of up to 11%, an increase in yeast counts, and a decline of up to 65% in water-soluble carbohydrates in silages.”
From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Brüning et al., 2018
Slow silo filling and delayed sealing negatively affect silage quality because dry matter losses and quality changes occur during these phases.
“The slow silo filling and delayed sealing negatively affect the silage quality once dry matter (DM) losses and quality changes occur during these phases [10][11][12][13]”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Delaying sealing by 4 days led to a decline of up to 65% in water-soluble carbohydrates in silages.
“Furthermore, there are data showing that delaying sealing by 4 days led to a decline of up to 65% in WSC in silages [10].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Similar findings on delayed sealing increasing NDF and ADF and reducing starch were previously described.
“Similar findings were previously described [10,12,41,42].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Starch defined T1A group samples, which corroborates with starch reduction with increasing delay periods.
“In short, starch defined T1A group samples, which corroborates with starch reduction with increasing delay periods [10,32].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Decreased contents of lactic acid in silages are often associated with prevented anaerobiosis and lactic acid fermentation caused by a delay in sealing.
“Decreased contents of lactic acid in silages is often associated with both prevented anaerobiosis and lactic acid fermentation caused by a delay in sealing [10].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
In the present study, the increase in GProd with delayed sealing can be associated with an increased aerobic microbial population due to extended air exposure.
“In the present study, GProd increase with delay sealing can be associated with increased aerobic microbial population due to the extended air exposure [10,12].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Bruning et al. reported dry matter losses of up to 11% with increasing delay sealing.
“Bruning et al. [10] reported DM losses of up to 11% with increasing delay sealing.”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
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Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages
Borreani, G., Tabacco, E., Schmidt, R. J., Holmes, B. J., & Muck, R. E. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13837 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Brüning, D., Gerlach, K., Weiß, K., & Südekum, K. ‐.
- Affiliations
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Weiß, K.
- Venue
- Grass and Forage Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-04-19
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-66
- ISSN
- 0142-5242 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2494
- OpenAlex
- W2607119018
- Semantic Scholar
- 33bd03a4c97c3b8afcbdcd3c6e3263abc252bb19
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 9.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Grass and Forage Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Keywords
- corn silage, silage compaction, aerobic exposure, volatile organic compounds, ethyl esters, aerobic stability, silage spoilage, yeast count, water-soluble carbohydrates, forage preservation, silage quality
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