Studies on the first described Alzheimer's disease amyloid β mutant, the Dutch variant
Abstract
Amyloid protein deposited in cerebral vessel walls and diffuse plaques of patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Dutch type (HCHWA-D), is similar to the 40-42 residues amyloid beta (Abeta) in vessel walls and senile plaques in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down's syndrome, and familial and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In 1990 we sequenced the amyloid beta-protein precursor (AbetaPP) gene from HCHWA-D patients revealing a single mutation that results in an amino acid substitution, Abeta E22Q. Subsequent identification of additional mutations in the AbetaPP gene in familial AD (FAD) pedigrees revealed that whereas substitutions in the middle of Abeta, residues Abeta21-23, are predominantly vasculotropic, those found amino- or carboxyl-terminal to the Abeta sequence within AbetaPP enhance amyloid parenchymal plaque deposition. Studies of transfected cells showed that substitutions amino- or carboxyl-terminal to Abeta lead to either greater Abeta production or to enhanced secretion of the more hydrophobic thus more fibrillogenic Abeta1-42. Substitutions in the center of Abeta facilitate rapid aggregation and fibrillization, slower clearance across the blood-brain barrier and perivascular drainage to the systemic circulation, possibly higher resistance to proteolysis, and enhanced toxicity towards endothelial and smooth muscle cells. However, most AD patients have no genetic defects in AbetaPP, indicating that other factor…
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Compared with vasculotropic mutations, APP NH2- and COOH-terminal mutations are associated with less pronounced CAA and cerebrovascular pathology.
“Compared with vasculotropic mutations, APP NH2- and COOH-terminal mutations are associated with less pronounced CAA and cerebrovascular pathology (356).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [356]
The Dutch APP mutation leads to recurrent hemorrhages due to damage of the arterial vessel wall by CAA, known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, which is often fatal by midlife.
“For example, the Dutch mutation leads to recurrent hemorrhages due to damage of the arterial vessel wall by the CAA, known as hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA-D), which is often fatal by midlife (302, 356).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [356]
APP mutations can lead to cerebrovascular pathology including BBB breakdown and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in humans and transgenic animal models expressing human APP mutations.
“APP mutations can lead to cerebrovascular pathology including BBB breakdown and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), as shown in humans (49, 211, 356, 674) and transgenic animal models expressing human APP mutations (56, 57, 137, 321, 322, 331, 336, 405, 420, 464, 467, 512, 513, 579, 606).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [356]
Individuals with vasculotropic APP mutations within Aβ 21-23 residues, including Dutch, Arctic, Flemish, Iowa, and Italian mutations, develop prominent CAA causing extensive cerebrovascular pathology.
“Individuals with 'vasculotropic' APP mutations within A 𝛃 21-23 residues including Dutch (E693Q), Arctic (E693G), Flemish (A692G), Iowa (D694N), and Italian (E693K) mutation (49, 211, 335, 356, 526, 674) develop prominent CAA (238, 640) causing extensive cerebrovascular pathology.”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [356]
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- Authors
- Levy, E., Prelli, F., & Frangione, B.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levy, Efrat
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-07-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- s3
- Pages
- 329-339
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1560388629
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag016837-04)
- National Institute on Aging (AG05891, AG16837)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS42029, R01NS042029)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Netherlands, Genetic Variation, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Point Mutation
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