Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Neurovascular Dysfunction in Mild Dementia and Alzheimer'S Disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementias. In addition to genetics, environment, and lifestyle, growing evidence supports vascular contributions to dementias including dementia because of AD. Alzheimer's disease affects multiple cell types within the neurovascular unit (NVU), including brain vascular cells (endothelial cells, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells), glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), and neurons. Thus, identifying and integrating biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses and injury with established AD biomarkers, amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, has a potential to contribute to better understanding of the disease process in dementias including AD. Here, we discuss the existing literature on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses during early stages of dementia and AD. We suggest that the clinical usefulness of established AD biomarkers, Aβ and tau, could be further improved by developing an algorithm that will incorporate biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses and injury. Such biomarker algorithm could aid in early detection and intervention as well as identify novel treatment targets to delay disease onset, slow progression, and/or prevent AD.
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Increasing evidence supports that early cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to AD pathophysiology and cognitive impairment.
“In addition to the classic hallmark pathology, A 𝛃 plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neuron loss, increasing evidence supports that early cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to AD pathophysiology and cognitive impairment (29, 285, 418, 421, 429, 569, 571, 593, 682, 693).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [571]
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On Validators for Psychiatric Categories
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Alteration of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin in Alzheimer’s Disease Patient and Mouse ModelPreprint
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Blood–Brain Barrier Transport of Alzheimer’s Amyloid β-Peptide
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- Authors
- Sweeney, M. D., Sagare, A. P., & Zlokovic, B. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-04-22
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1055-1068
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- PMC
- PMC4640280
- OpenAlex
- W1977604869
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 224
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG023084, R01AG039452, AG23084, R37AG023084, AG039452, P50AG005142, RF1AG039452)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R37NS034467, NS34467, R01NS034467)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, mild dementia, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, neurovascular unit, vascular dysfunction, amyloid-beta, tau protein, endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, microglia, early detection
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Dementia, Diet, Humans, Stress, Physiological, Biomarkers, Exercise, Microglia, Pericytes, Endothelial Cells
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