PreprintCited by 242Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Genetics of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein in Alzheimer's Disease

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TCW, Julia, Goate, Alison M.·2017·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by neuronal cell loss, extracellular neuritic plaques composed of b-amyloid (Ab), and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.Ab is generated by proteolytic processing of the b-amyloid precursor protein (APP).Most individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have three copies of APP, leading to elevated APP expression, increased Ab deposition, and characteristic AD neuropathology.Sequencing of APP in familial early-onset AD identified missense mutations that cause AD, while a recently discovered coding variant, APP A673T, reduces the risk for AD.Cellular and animal studies show that risk-associated mutations increase total Ab levels, Ab42 levels, or Ab fibrillogenesis, while protective alleles reduce Ab levels.Together, these studies provide compelling evidence for the Ab hypothesis and suggest that therapeutics that reduces Ab levels or Ab fibrillogenesis should lower the risk for or prevent AD.

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  1. Ã Prusiner SB. 2016. Ab prions and pathobiology of Alz- heimer's disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030676. · DOI

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Authors
TCW, J., & Goate, A. M.
Affiliations
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
Published
2016-12-21
Volume
7
Issue
6
Pages
a024539
ISSN
2157-1422 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2566006671
Cited by
242
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • JPB Foundation
  • National Institute on Aging
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein, APP mutations, Down syndrome, amyloid-beta, amyloid-beta 42, amyloid fibril formation, early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, genetic risk variants, neurofibrillary tangles, tau protein, amyloid hypothesis
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Down Syndrome, Humans, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Neurofibrillary Tangles, tau Proteins, Mutation, Missense, Plaque, Amyloid

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