Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment Improves Learning and Attenuates Pathological Markers in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Searcy, James L.; Phelps, Jeremiah T.; Pancani, Tristano; Kadish, Inga; Popovic, Jelena; Anderson, Katie L.; Beckett, Tina L.; Murphy, Michael P.; Chen, Kuey-Chu; Blalock, Eric M.; Landfield, Philip W.; Porter, Nada M.; Thibault, Olivier

doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111661

Cited by 154Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment Improves Learning and Attenuates Pathological Markers in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

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Searcy, James L., Phelps, Jeremiah T., Pancani, Tristano, Kadish, Inga, Popovic, Jelena, Anderson, Katie L., Beckett, Tina L., Murphy, Michael P. +5 more·2012·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

DOI 10.3233/jad-2012-111661PMC PMC3378773

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Abstract

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are agonists at peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma-type (PPAR-γ) receptors and are used clinically for the treatment of type 2 diabetes where they have been shown to reestablish insulin sensitivity, improve lipid profiles, and reduce inflammation. Recent work also suggests that TZDs may be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease (AD), ameliorating cognitive decline early in the disease process. However, there have been only a few studies identifying mechanisms through which cognitive benefits may be exerted. Starting at 10 months of age, the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) with accelerated amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau pathology was treated with the TZD pioglitazone (PIO-Actos) at 18 mg/Kg body weight/day. After four months, PIO-treated animals showed multiple beneficial effects, including improved learning on the active avoidance task, reduced serum cholesterol, decreased hippocampal amyloid-β and tau deposits, and enhanced short- and long-term plasticity. Electrophysiological membrane properties and post-treatment blood glucose levels were unchanged by PIO. Gene microarray analyses of hippocampal tissue identified predicted transcriptional responses following TZD treatment as well as potentially novel targets of TZDs, including facilitation of estrogenic processes and decreases in glutamatergic and lipid metabolic/cholesterol dependent processes. Taken together, these results confirm prior animal studies showing that TZDs can ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with AD-related pathology, but also extend these findings by pointing to novel molecular targets in the brain.

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Pioglitazone reduces amyloid load in an ApoE and/or IDE-dependent process, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and cognitive decline in 3xTgAD mice.
“Pioglitazone, which belongs to the TZD class of compounds, has been shown to reduce the amyloid load in an ApoE and/ or IDE-dependent process, neurofibrillary tangle formation and decline in cognitive function in 3xTgAD mice (Mandrekar-Colucci et al., 2012; Mansour et al., 2021; Searcy et al., 2012; Zhong et al., 2023).”
From Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in astrocytes reduces amyloid and tau accumulation in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2024) · cites this paper as Searcy et al., 2012
The Results sections on CA1 Aβ staining and phosphorylated-tau-positive neurons report reduced Aβ staining and fewer phosphorylated-tau-positive cells after pioglitazone treatment in 3×Tg-AD mice; the Abstract reports improved learning. These findings do not directly establish reduced neurofibrillary tangle formation. The Discussion section on amyloid processing says the authors found no supporting evidence for a change in IDE expression and does not establish an ApoE- or IDE-dependent mechanism. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
PPARγ has also been reported to reduce intraneuronal amyloid in APPV7171 and 3XTg mouse models of Alzheimer's disease following Pioglitazone treatment.
“PPARγ has also been reported to reduce intraneuronal amyloid in APPV7171 and 3XTg mouse models of AD following Pioglitazone treatment4445.”
From Neuronally-directed effects of RXR activation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2017) · cites this paper as [45]

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More than a decade of estrogen neuroprotection
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Aberrant Detergent-Insoluble Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 Accumulates in Alzheimer Disease
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Aβ aggregation profiles and shifts in APP processing favor amyloidogenesis in canines
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Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on amyloid-β pathology in mouse skeletal muscle
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Rosiglitazone Cools Down Inflammation in the Metabolic Syndrome
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“Because such improvements in peripheral energy metabolism can enhance neuronal plasticity and can protect neurons against dysfunction and degeneration in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and stroke (Mattson, 2012; Searcy et al., 2012), it is possible that some of the molecular responses of brain cells to DNP docum…”
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Authors: Searcy, J. L., Phelps, J. T., Pancani, T., Kadish, I., Popovic, J., Anderson, K. L., Beckett, T. L., Murphy, M. P., Chen, K.-C., Blalock, E. M., Landfield, P. W., Porter, N. M., & Thibault, O.
Affiliations: University of Kentucky (US)
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
Corresponding author: Thibault, Olivier
ORCID: Anderson, Katie L.
Blalock, Eric M.
Thibault, Olivier
Venue: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-06-18
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 943-961
ISSN: 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
1875-8908
DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-111661
PMC: PMC3378773
OpenAlex: W1554596985
Cited by: 154
References: 113
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 10.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: University of California, Irvine
National Institute on Aging (AG-029268, R21AG029268, P01AG010836, AG033649, AG020251, R01AG020251, AG010836, R01AG034605, AG034605, R01AG033649, R01AG037868)
National Center for Research Resources (P20RR015592, P20RR15592)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: pioglitazone, thiazolidinediones
MeSH terms: Pioglitazone, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Learning, Mice, Transgenic, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Thiazolidinediones, Mice

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Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment Improves Learning and Attenuates Pathological Markers in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

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