The Economic Consequences of Increasing Sleep Among the Urban Poor
Open accessAbstract
The urban poor in developing countries face challenging living environments, which may interfere with good sleep.Using actigraphy to measure sleep objectively, we find that low-income adults in Chennai, India sleep only 5.5 hours per night on average despite spending 8 hours in bed.Their sleep is highly interrupted, with sleep efficiency-sleep per time in bed-comparable to those with disorders such as sleep apnea or insomnia.A randomized three-week treatment providing information, encouragement, and improvements to home sleep environments increased sleep duration by 27 minutes per night by inducing more time in bed.Contrary to expert predictions and a large body of sleep research, increased nighttime sleep had no detectable effects on cognition, productivity, decision-making, or well-being, and led to small decreases in labor supply.In contrast, short afternoon naps at the workplace improved an overall index of outcomes by 0.12 standard deviations, with significant increases in productivity, psychological well-being, and cognition, but a decrease in work time.
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Recent studies have begun to unravel how poverty impairs cognitive function and economic performance via a lack of sleep and background noise.
“Recent studies have begun to unravel how poverty impairs cognitive function and economic performance via a lack of sleep (Bessone et al. 2020) and background noise (Dean 2020).”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Bessone et al. 2020
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Lichand, G. F., Bettinger, E., Cunha, N., & Madeira, R. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3644127 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Later bedtimes predict President Trump’s performance
Almond, D. V., & Du, X. (2020) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109590 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Psychological Effects of Poverty on Investments in Children’s Human CapitalPreprint
Lichand, G. F., Bettinger, E., Cunha, N., & Madeira, R. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3633815 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Does Multidimensional Poverty Affect Depression? Evidence from Peru
Barrantes, N., & Clausen, J. (2021) · Progress in Development Studies · doi:10.1177/14649934211059402 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The financial and administrative burden of financially vulnerable households
de Bruijn, E.-J. (2021) · doi:10.18174/549093 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beyond fads and magic bullets: The promise of behavioral approaches in development economics
Flechtner, S. (2024) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12663 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mental Health Therapy as a Core Strategy for Increasing Human Capital: Evidence from GhanaPreprint
Bryan, G., Karlan, D., Barker, N., Ofori-Atta, A. L., & Udry, C. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4047230 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Szászi, B., Szécsi, P., Pálfi, B., Neszveda, G., Blattman, C., Jamison, J., Taka, A., & Sheridan, M. A. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4gyzh · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sleep: Educational Impact and Habit Formation
Giuntella, O., Saccardo, S., & Sadoff, S. (2024) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w32550 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Turner, S., Floden, L. L., Simmatis, L. E. R., Fromy, P., Langford, J., Daza, E. J., Potter, A., Troeger, K. A., & the STAGES cohort investigator group (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/70314 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Raju, P. G., & Rajanikanth, M. (2023) · Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers · doi:10.1177/02560909231214923 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Having a Voice in Your Group: Increasing Productivity through Group ParticipationPreprint
Wu, S. J., & Paluck, E. L. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3933505 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Food Coma is Real: The Effect of Digestive Fatigue on Adolescents' Cognitive Performance
Hervé, J., Mani, S., Behrman, J. R., Laxminarayan, R., & Nandi, A. (2024) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4788223
Poverty Identity and Environmental Moral Disengagement : Lab-in-Field Experiments in D.R.CongoPreprint
Mishabo, F. M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5388878
- Authors
- Bessone, P., Rao, G., Schilbach, F., Schofield, H., & Toma, M.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2020-02
- OpenAlex
- W3157588060
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Harvard University
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- Harvard Global Health Institute
- Indian Council of Medical Research (AEARCTR-0002494)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG055691)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep duration, urban poverty, low-income adults, sleep disruption, sleep environment, time in bed, afternoon nap, labor productivity, cognitive performance, psychological well-being, labor supply, actigraphy
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