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Chlamydia muridarum Can Invade the Central Nervous System via the Olfactory and Trigeminal Nerves and Infect Peripheral Nerve Glial Cells

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Nazareth, Lynn, Walkden, Heidi, Chacko, Anu, Delbaz, Ali, Shelper, Todd, Armitage, Charles W., Reshamwala, Ronak, Trim, Logan K. +3 more·2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607779PMC PMC7819965
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Abstract

Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the brain and has been linked to late-onset dementia.Chlamydia muridarum, which infects mice, is often used to model human chlamydial infections. While it has been suggested to be also important for modelling brain infection, nervous system infection by C. muridarum has not been reported in the literature.C. pneumoniae has been shown to infect the olfactory bulb in mice after intranasal inoculation, and has therefore been suggested to invade the brain via the olfactory nerve; however, nerve infection has not been shown to date. Another path by which certain bacteria can reach the brain is via the trigeminal nerve, but it remains unknown whether Chlamydia species can infect this nerve. Other bacteria that can invade the brain via the olfactory and/or trigeminal nerve can do so rapidly, however, whether Chlamydia spp. can reach the brain earlier than one-week post inoculation remains unknown. In the current study, we showed that C. muridarum can within 48 h invade the brain via the olfactory nerve, in addition to infecting the trigeminal nerve. We also cultured the glial cells of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and showed that C. muridarum readily infected the cells, constituting a possible cellular mechanism explaining how the bacteria can invade the nerves without being eliminated by glial immune functions. Further, we demonstrated that olfactory and trigeminal glia differed in their responses to C. muridarum, with olfactory glia showing less infection and stronger immune response than trigeminal glia.

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Authors
Nazareth, L., Walkden, H., Chacko, A., Delbaz, A., Shelper, T., Armitage, C. W., Reshamwala, R., Trim, L. K., St John, J. A., Beagley, K. W., & Ekberg, J. A. K.
Affiliations
  • Griffith University (AU)
  • Queensland University of Technology (AU)
Corresponding author
Ekberg, Jenny A. K.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-01-08
Volume
10
Pages
607779-607779
ISSN
2235-2988 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fcimb.2020.607779
PMC
PMC7819965
OpenAlex
W3119448911
Cited by
12
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3
FWCI
1.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Menzies Health Institute Queensland
  • Clem Jones Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
Keywords
Chlamydia muridarum, Chlamydia pneumoniae, central nervous system infection, olfactory nerve, trigeminal nerve, olfactory bulb, neuroinvasion, late-onset dementia
MeSH terms
Animals, Central Nervous System, Chlamydia Infections, Neuroglia, Olfactory Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve, Chlamydia muridarum, Mice

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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