Cited by 53Heat shock proteins researchMitochondrial Function and PathologyAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Mitochondrial Chaperones in the Brain: Safeguarding Brain Health and Metabolism?

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Castro, José Pedro, Wardelmann, Kristina, Grune, Tilman, Kleinridders, André·2018·Frontiers in Endocrinology

Abstract

The brain orchestrates organ function and regulates whole body metabolism by the concerted action of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system. To do so, the brain has tremendously high energy consumption and relies mainly on glucose utilization and mitochondrial function in order to exert its function. As a consequence of high rate metabolism, mitochondria in the brain accumulate errors over time, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species, and misfolded and aggregated proteins. Thus, mitochondria need to employ specific mechanisms to avoid or ameliorate the rise of damaged proteins that contribute to aberrant mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. To maintain mitochondria homeostasis (mitostasis), cells evolved molecular chaperones that shuttle, refold, or in coordination with proteolytic systems, help to maintain a low steady-state level of misfolded/aggregated proteins. Their importance is exemplified by the occurrence of various brain diseases which exhibit reduced action of chaperones. Chaperone loss (expression and/or function) has been observed during aging, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) or even Huntington's (HD) diseases, where the accumulation of damage proteins is evidenced. Within this perspective, we propose that proper brain function is maintained by the joint action of mitochondrial chaperones to ensure and maintain mitostasis contributing to brain health, and that upon failure, alter brain function which can cause metabolic diseases.

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  • Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, and the protein product needs to be transported into mitochondria from the cytosol in an unfolded state.

    “While mitochondria possess their own DNA and transcription and translation machinery, most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, and the protein product needs to be transported into mitochondria from the cytosol in an unfolded state [77].”

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Authors
Castro, J. P., Wardelmann, K., Grune, T., & Kleinridders, A.
Affiliations
  • German Center for Diabetes Research (DE)
  • University of Potsdam (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Castro, José Pedro
  • Kleinridders, André
Venue
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Published
2018-04-26
Volume
9
Pages
196-196
ISSN
1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2800742924
Cited by
53
References
178
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
FWCI
2.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • publish.UP (University of Potsdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KL 2399/4-1, Gr1240/16-1, Gr1240/18-1)
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GI092)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
mitochondrial chaperone, brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, type 2 diabetes, brain aging, proteasome

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