Cited by 1,026Heat shock proteins researchEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseMitochondrial Function and Pathology

A mitochondrial specific stress response in mammalian cells

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Zhao, Quan, Wang, Jianghui, Levichkin, Ilya V., Stasinopoulos, Stan, Ryan, Michael T., Hoogenraad, Nicholas J.·2002·The EMBO Journal

Abstract

Cells respond to a wide variety of stresses through the transcriptional activation of genes that harbour stress elements within their promoters. While many of these elements are shared by genes encoding proteins representative of all subcellular compartments, cells can also respond to stresses that are specific to individual organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum un folded protein response. Here we report on the discovery and characterization of a mitochondrial stress response in mammalian cells. We find that the accumulation of unfolded protein within the mitochondrial matrix results in the transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins such as chaperonin 60, chaperonin 10, mtDnaJ and ClpP, but not those encoding stress proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of the chaperonin 60/10 bidirectional promoter identified a CHOP element as the mitochondrial stress response element. Dominant-negative mutant forms of CHOP and overexpression of CHOP revealed that this transcription factor, in association with C/EBPbeta, regulates expression of mitochondrial stress genes in response to the accumulation of unfolded proteins.

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  • Under stress conditions, when degradation pathways are insufficient, a retrograde signal is activated that coordinates nuclear gene expression; this is the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

    “Under stress conditions, when the degradation pathways are insufficient to repair the consequences of the alteration in mitochondrial translation [52] or the accumulation of oxidatively damaged or misfolded proteins, a retrograde signal is activated which coordinates nuclear gene expression. This mitochondria-to- nucleus response is named mitochondrial unfolding protein response (UPRmt) [53].”
  • Under stress conditions, UPRmt occurs to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and m-AAA proteases (e.g., chaperonin 10, chaperonin 60, and CLPP).

    “Under stress conditions, UPRmt occurs in an attempt to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and m-AAA proteases (e.g., chaperonin 10, chaperonin 60, and CLPP) (69).”
  • ΔOTC is a known protein degraded by LONP1 and an established model for studying mitochondrial proteostasis imbalance.

    “a known protein degraded by LONP1 and an established model for studying mitochondrial proteostasis imbalance38–40”

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Authors
Zhao, Q., Wang, J., Levichkin, I. V., Stasinopoulos, S., Ryan, M. T., & Hoogenraad, N. J.
Affiliations
La Trobe University (AU)
Corresponding author
Hoogenraad, Nicholas J.
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Published
2002-09-02
Volume
21
Issue
17
Pages
4411-4419
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
OpenAlex
W2108738634
Cited by
1,026
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 58 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 29
FWCI
4.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council
  • Australian Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Keywords
mitochondrial stress response, unfolded protein accumulation, mitochondrial matrix, CHOP, C/EBPβ, transcriptional regulation, chaperonin 60, GroES, ClpP, unfolded protein response, mammalian cells
MeSH terms
Adenosine Triphosphatases, Animals, Cell Nucleus, Chlorocebus aethiops, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Dominant, Heat-Shock Proteins, Mitochondria, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Serine Endopeptidases, Stress, Physiological, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Signal Transduction, Sequence Deletion, Protein Folding, Chaperonin 60, Chaperonin 10, COS Cells, Protein Transport, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins, Endopeptidase Clp, HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins, Transcription Factor CHOP

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