Mitonuclear protein imbalance as a conserved longevity mechanism
Open accessAbstract
Longevity is regulated by a network of closely linked metabolic systems. We used a combination of mouse population genetics and RNA interference in Caenorhabditis elegans to identify mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (Mrps5) and other mitochondrial ribosomal proteins as metabolic and longevity regulators. MRP knockdown triggers mitonuclear protein imbalance, reducing mitochondrial respiration and activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Specific antibiotics targeting mitochondrial translation and ethidium bromide (which impairs mitochondrial DNA transcription) pharmacologically mimic mrp knockdown and extend worm lifespan by inducing mitonuclear protein imbalance, a stoichiometric imbalance between nuclear and mitochondrially encoded proteins. This mechanism was also conserved in mammalian cells. In addition, resveratrol and rapamycin, longevity compounds acting on different molecular targets, similarly induced mitonuclear protein imbalance, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and lifespan extension in C. elegans. Collectively these data demonstrate that MRPs represent an evolutionarily conserved protein family that ties the mitochondrial ribosome and mitonuclear protein imbalance to the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, an overarching longevity pathway across many species.
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A disturbed balance between nuclear DNA-encoded and mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS proteins, independent of mitochondrial content, has previously been associated with activation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms such as the mtUPR.
“A disturbed balance between the nuclear DNA-encoded and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded OXPHOS proteins, independent of mitochondrial content, has previously been associated with the activation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms such as the mtUPR [32, 33].”
From Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in relation to oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Activation of the mtUPR is beneficial for cellular function and organism longevity.
“suggesting that an activation of the mtUPR is beneficial for cellular function and organism longevity.”
From Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in relation to oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
An alteration in the balance between nuclear and mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS complexes (mitonuclear protein imbalance) is a stressor to mitochondria.
“an alteration in the balance between nuclear and mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS complexes, the so-called mitonuclear protein imbalance, is a stressor to mitochondria [32].”
From Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics in relation to oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
More mitochondrial translation without a change in cytosolic translation can cause mitonuclear protein imbalance.
“Increased mitochondrial translation, without according changes in cytosolic translation rates, can lead to mitonuclear protein imbalance (Houtkooper et al., 2013), which was evidenced by altered protein ratios between MTCO1, which is encoded by mtDNA, and SDHA, encoded by nDNA, induced by MRL-45696 (Figures 3E and 3F).”
From Pharmacological Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases improves fitness and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle (2014) · cites this paper as Houtkooper et al., 2013
MRL-45696 produced altered MTCO1/SDHA protein ratios, indicating mitonuclear protein imbalance.
“Increased mitochondrial translation, without according changes in cytosolic translation rates, can lead to mitonuclear protein imbalance (Houtkooper et al., 2013), which was evidenced by altered protein ratios between MTCO1, which is encoded by mtDNA, and SDHA, encoded by nDNA, induced by MRL-45696 (Figures 3E and 3F).”
From Pharmacological Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases improves fitness and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle (2014) · cites this paper as Houtkooper et al., 2013
Such mitonuclear protein imbalance could trigger UPRmt to restore optimal mitochondrial function.
“Such a mitonuclear protein imbalance could trigger UPRmt to restore optimal mitochondrial function (Houtkooper et al., 2013).”
From Pharmacological Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases improves fitness and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle (2014) · cites this paper as Houtkooper et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Houtkooper, R. H., Mouchiroud, L., Ryu, D., Moullan, N., Katsyuba, E., Knott, G., Williams, R. W., & Auwerx, J.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Auwerx, Johan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2013-05-22
- Volume
- 497
- Issue
- 7450
- Pages
- 451-457
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3663447
- OpenAlex
- W2032022203
- Cited by
- 1,035
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 27
- FWCI
- 31.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U01AA14425, U01AA013499, UO1AA13499, U01AA014425)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG043930)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P20 DA 21131, P20DA021131)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- longevity, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial respiration, lifespan extension, mitochondrial translation, ethidium bromide, resveratrol, rapamycin, BXD mouse strains, Caenorhabditis elegans
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Doxycycline, Female, Longevity, Male, Mice, Inbred Strains, Mitochondria, Ribosomal Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Caenorhabditis elegans, Evolution, Molecular, Sirolimus, Mitochondrial Proteins, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, RNA Interference, Quantitative Trait Loci, Mice, Unfolded Protein Response
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