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Cited by 944Immune cells in cancerCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismImmune responses and vaccinations

Metabolic Reprograming in Macrophage Polarization

Open access
Galván-Peña, Silvia, O’Neill, Luke A. J.·2014·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00420PMC PMC4151090
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Abstract

Studying the metabolism of immune cells in recent years has emphasized the tight link existing between the metabolic state and the phenotype of these cells. Macrophages in particular are a good example of this phenomenon. Whether the macrophage obtains its energy through glycolysis or through oxidative metabolism can give rise to different phenotypes. Classically activated or M1 macrophages are key players of the first line of defense against bacterial infections and are known to obtain energy through glycolysis. Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages on the other hand are involved in tissue repair and wound healing and use oxidative metabolism to fuel their longer-term functions. Metabolic intermediates, however, are not just a source of energy but can be directly implicated in a particular macrophage phenotype. In M1 macrophages, the Krebs cycle intermediate succinate regulates HIF1α, which is responsible for driving the sustained production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β. In M2 macrophages, the sedoheptulose kinase carbohydrate kinase-like protein is critical for regulating the pentose phosphate pathway. The potential to target these events and impact on disease is an exciting prospect.

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  • Treatment with LPS in macrophages, dendritic and microglia cells provokes a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) towards aerobic glycolysis, a process required to quickly supply high energy demands of the inflammatory response.

    “Treatment with LPS in macrophages, dendritic and microglia cells provokes a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) towards aerobic glycolysis, a process required to quickly supply high energy demands of the inflammatory response (Galván-Peña and O'Neill, 2014),(Ruiz-García et al., 2011), (Ganeshan and Chawla, 2014),(Orihuela et al., 2016).”

    From TET2 Regulates the Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglia (2019) · cites this paper as Galván-Peña and O'Neill, 2014

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  • Hk3 and Pfkfb3 play an important role during the aerobic glycolysis process.

    “both playing an important role during the aerobic glycolysis process (Galván-Peña and O'Neill, 2014)(Ruiz-García et al., 2011).”

    From TET2 Regulates the Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglia (2019) · cites this paper as Galván-Peña and O'Neill, 2014

    The “Glycolytic M1 Versus Oxidative M2 Macrophages” section says that induction of a gene it calls PFKB3 accompanies a switch that increases glycolytic flux in activated macrophages, supporting the Pfkfb3 part of the claim. Our copy does not mention Hk3 or establish its role in aerobic glycolysis. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages, aerobic glycolysis is a consequence of glucose uptake and the conversion of pyruvate into lactate.

    “In pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages, aerobic glycolysis is a consequence of glucose uptake and the conversion of pyruvate into lactate (Galván-Peña and O'Neill, 2014).”

    From TET2 Regulates the Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglia (2019) · cites this paper as Galván-Peña and O'Neill, 2014

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Galván-Peña, S., & O’Neill, L. A. J.
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2014-09-02
Volume
5
Pages
420-420
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00420
PMC
PMC4151090
OpenAlex
W1838882977
Cited by
944
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
5.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords
macrophage polarization, metabolic reprogramming, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, glycolysis, oxidative metabolism, succinic acid, HIF-1α, IL-1β, pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs cycle intermediates, immune cell metabolism

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