Cited by 142Immune cells in cancerWound Healing and TreatmentsNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

A neuropeptide, Substance-P, directly induces tissue-repairing M2 like macrophages by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway even in the presence of IFNγ

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Lim, Ji Eun, Chung, Eunkyung, Son, Youngsook·2017·Scientific Reports

Abstract

Macrophage polarization plays an important role in tissue damage and repair. In this study, we show that Substance-P (SP) can directly induce M2 polarization of inflammatory macrophages. SP induced the differentiation of GM-CSF-differentiated pro-inflammatory macrophages into alternatively activated phagocytic M2 like macrophages (M2 SP) through direct activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6kinase pathway and induction of Arginase-1, CD163, and CD206, all of which were nullified by pretreatment with the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist RP67580 and specific signaling pathway inhibitors. M2 SP were distinct from IL-4/IL-13-induced M2a and IL-10-induced M2c subtypes; they did not show STAT activation and exhibited high phagocytic and endothelial adhesive activity. Furthermore, SP had a dominant effect on M2 polarization over Interferon gamma (IFNγ), a potent M1-skewing cytokine, and effectively induced the M2 phenotype in monocytes and the human THP-1 cell line. Finally, adoptively transferred M2 SP migrated to a spinal cord injury (SCI) lesion site and improved functional recovery. Collectively, our findings show that SP, a neuropeptide, plays a role as a novel cytokine by inducing tissue-repairing M2 SP macrophages and thus may be developed for pharmacological intervention in diseases involving chronic inflammation and acute injury.

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Authors
Lim, J. E., Chung, E., & Son, Y.
Affiliations
Kyung Hee University (KR)
Corresponding author
  • Lim, Ji Eun
  • Chung, Eunkyung
  • Son, Youngsook
Venue
Scientific Reports
Published
2017-08-25
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
9417-9417
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2750028600
Cited by
136
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
FWCI
5.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (HI13C1479)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
substance P, neuropeptides, M2 macrophage polarization, M2 macrophages, interferon-gamma, neurokinin-1 receptor, arginase-1, CD163, CD206, spinal cord injury, tissue repair, macrophage migration, chronic inflammation
MeSH terms
THP-1 Cells, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Male, Substance P, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Neurotransmitter Agents, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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