The Development of Serum Amyloid P as a Possible Therapeutic
Open accessAbstract
Pentraxins such as serum amyloid P (SAP; also known as PTX2) regulate several aspects of the innate immune system. SAP inhibits the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes, promotes the formation of immuno-regulatory macrophages, and inhibits neutrophil adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. In this minireview, we describe how these effects of SAP have led to its possible use as a therapeutic, and how modulating SAP effects might be used for other therapeutics. Fibrosing diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and renal fibrosis are associated with 30-45% of deaths in the US. Fibrosis involves both fibrocyte differentiation and profibrotic macrophage differentiation, and possibly because SAP inhibits both of these processes, in 9 different animal models, SAP inhibited fibrosis. In Phase 1B and Phase 2 clinical trials, SAP injections reduced the decline in lung function in pulmonary fibrosis patients, and in a small Phase 2 trial SAP injections reduced fibrosis in myelofibrosis patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome/ acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI) involves the accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs, and possibly because SAP inhibits neutrophil adhesion, SAP injections reduced the severity of ARDS in an animal model. Conversely, depleting SAP is a potential therapeutic for amyloidosis, topically removing SAP from wound fluid speeds wound healing in animal models, and blocking SAP binding to one of its receptors makes cultured macrophages more aggressive toward tuberculosis bacteria. These results suggest that modulating pentraxin signaling might be useful for a variety of diseases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
CPHPC efficiently binds to SAP, leading to the dissociation of SAP from bound amyloids and subsequent depletion of SAP levels in the body.
“This compound efficiently binds to SAP, leading to the dissociation of SAP from bound amyloids and subsequent depletion of SAP levels in the body24,62–68.”
From Serum amyloid P secreted by bone marrow adipocytes drives skeletal amyloidosis (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
In “Removing stuck SAP as a possible therapeutic for amyloidosis” (page unavailable), the paper says a small molecule causes two human SAP pentamers to bind together, after which the complex is quickly cleared from circulation; it also reports reduced serum SAP in mice. It does not identify the compound as CPHPC or say that it dissociates SAP already bound to amyloid deposits, so those parts of the claim are unsupported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Chen, Y., Wang, L., Kang, Q., Zhang, X., Yu, G., Wan, X., Wang, J., & Zhu, K. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000477308 · Cited by 10,730 · see citing works
Mizgerd, J. P., Kubo, H., Kutkoski, G. J., Bhagwan, S. D., Scharffetter-Kochanek, K., Beaudet, A. L., & Doerschuk, C. M. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.186.8.1357 · Cited by 7,332 · see citing works
Raghu, G., Collard, H. R., Egan, J. J., Martinez, F. J., Behr, J., Brown, K. K., Colby, T. V., Cordier, J.-F., Flaherty, K. R., Lasky, J. A., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2009-040gl · Cited by 7,186 · see citing works
Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis
Wynn, T. A., & Vannella, K. M. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015 · Cited by 4,481 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Tuberculosis bacteria can live inside macrophages, where they also push the host macrophage away from a M1 phenotype to help the survival of the parasitic bacteria (169).”
BackgroundWound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation
Eming, S. A., Martin, P., & Tomic-Canic, M. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337 · Cited by 3,562 · see citing works
Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease
Wynn, T. A., & Ramalingam, T. R. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2807 · Cited by 3,541 · see citing works
Fcγ receptors as regulators of immune responses
Nimmerjahn, F., & Ravetch, J. V. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2206 · Cited by 2,947 · see citing works
Lederer, D. J., & Martinez, F. J. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1705751 · Cited by 2,056 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The only FDA-approved therapeutics for fibrosis are two drugs which slow, but do not stop, the progression of pulmonary fibrosis (44).”
BackgroundMolecular Mechanisms of Amyloidosis
Merlini, G., & Bellotti, V. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra023144 · Cited by 1,927 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Amyloidosis is a disease where misfolded proteins aggregate and form large deposits in a tissue, leading to organ dysfunction (20, 21).”
BackgroundKlinge, U., Park, J.-K., & Klosterhalfen, B. (2013) · Pathobiology · doi:10.1159/000348446 · Cited by 1,785 · see citing works
Inflammation and metabolism in tissue repair and regeneration
Eming, S. A., Wynn, T. A., & Martin, P. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam7928 · Cited by 1,369 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Most plant and animal tissues have a remarkable ability to heal mechanical wounds, indicating a strong evolutionary pressure for wound healing (36).”
BackgroundContribution of Neutrophils to Acute Lung Injury
Grommes, J., & Soehnlein, O. (2010) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2010.00138 · Cited by 1,319 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This causes further damage and further neutrophil recruitment and subsequent damage, and this vicious cycle results in the ∼40% mortality seen in the ∼200,000 ARDS patients each year in the US (163).”
BackgroundCirculating Fibrocytes Define a New Leukocyte Subpopulation That Mediates Tissue Repair
Bucala, R., Spiegel, L. A., Chesney, J. A., Hogan, M. M., & Cerami, A. (1994) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03403533 · Cited by 1,307 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although fibrocytes are rarely observed in normal tissues, they are present in high numbers in healing wounds (46, 50, 51) and fibrotic lesions in pulmonary fibrosis (51–58), keloid scars (59, 60), asthma (52, 61, 62), chronic kidney disease (63–65), and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (66).”
BackgroundF <scp>c</scp> RECEPTOR BIOLOGY
Daëron, M. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.203 · Cited by 1,227 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Once aggregated IgG cross-links multiple FcγRs (this prevents monomeric IgGs from activating FcγRs), a signaling cascade is activated through tyrosine kinases to initiate an immune response (151).”
BackgroundCirculating fibrocytes traffic to the lungs in response to CXCL12 and mediate fibrosis
Phillips, R. J., Burdick, M. D., Hong, K. M., Lutz, M., Murray, L. A., Xue, Y., Belperio, J. A., Keane, M. P., & Strieter, R. M. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci20997 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Steel, D. M., & Whitehead, A. S. (1994) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90138-4 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Peripheral Blood Fibrocytes: Differentiation Pathway and Migration to Wound Sites
Abe, R., Donnelly, S. C., Peng, T., Bucala, R., & Metz, C. N. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7556 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease
Reidy, K. J., Kang, H. M., Hostetter, T. H., & Suszták, K. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci72271 · Cited by 913 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other fibrosing diseases are cirrhosis of the liver, triggered by damage from viral infections, alcohol, or other chemical insults (39), end-stage kidney disease in diabetics, where the scar tissue formation is probably triggered by damage from high glucose levels (42), and pulmonary fibrosis, where particulate matter…”
BackgroundPathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Wolters, P. J., Collard, H. R., & Jones, K. D. (2013) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104706 · Cited by 869 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, TGF-β1 is an extracellular signal that drives fibrosis (144, 145), and in mice, conditional expression of TGF-β1 in the lungs causes pulmonary fibrosis (103, 146).”
BackgroundTGF-β1 Signaling and Tissue Fibrosis
Kim, K. K., Sheppard, D., & Chapman, H. A. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a022293 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Increased left ventricular mass and hypertrophy are associated with increased risk for sudden death
Haider, A. W., Larson, M. G., Benjamin, E. J., & Levy, D. A. (1998) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00407-0 · Cited by 797 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Examples of fibrosing diseases include cardiac fibrosis, probably triggered by reduced blood flow to part of the heart, and this fibrosis accounts for a significant fraction of the 450,000 deaths per year from cardiovascular disease in the US (40, 41).”
BackgroundThe neutrophil in vascular inflammation
Phillipson, M., & Kubes, P. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2514 · Cited by 766 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Inflammatory lesions recruit neutrophils to the site of damage (161, 162).”
BackgroundBone marrow–derived progenitor cells in pulmonary fibrosis
Hashimoto, N., Jin, H., Liu, T., Chensue, S. W., & Phan, S. H. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18847 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Barbui, T., Thiele, J., Gisslinger, H., Kvasnicka, H. M., Vannucchi, A. M., Guglielmelli, P., Orazi, A., & Tefferi, A. (2018) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-018-0054-y · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Identification of Circulating Fibrocytes as Precursors of Bronchial Myofibroblasts in Asthma
Schmidt, M., Sun, G. Y., Stacey, M. A., Mori, L., & Mattoli, S. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.380 · Cited by 633 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although fibrocytes are rarely observed in normal tissues, they are present in high numbers in healing wounds (46, 50, 51) and fibrotic lesions in pulmonary fibrosis (51–58), keloid scars (59, 60), asthma (52, 61, 62), chronic kidney disease (63–65), and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (66).”
BackgroundHost Responses in Tissue Repair and Fibrosis
Duffield, J. S., Lupher, M., Thannickal, V. J., & Wynn, T. A. (2012) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-163930 · Cited by 624 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Other fibrosing diseases are cirrhosis of the liver, triggered by damage from viral infections, alcohol, or other chemical insults (39), end-stage kidney disease in diabetics, where the scar tissue formation is probably triggered by damage from high glucose levels (42), and pulmonary fibrosis, where particulate matter…”
BackgroundBone marrow–derived progenitor cells in pulmonary fibrosis
Hashimoto, N., Jin, H., Liu, T., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200418847 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
An Integrated View of Humoral Innate Immunity: Pentraxins as a Paradigm
Bottazzi, B., Doni, A., Garlanda, C., & Mantovani, A. (2010) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101305 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Pepys, M. B. (2005) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.57.121304.131243 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Breaching multiple barriers: leukocyte motility through venular walls and the interstitium
Nourshargh, S., Hordijk, P. L., & Sixt, M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2889 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Targeted pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component for treatment of human amyloidosis
Pepys, M. B., Herbert, J., Hutchinson, W. L., Tennent, G. A., Lachmann, H. J., Gallimore, J. R., Lovat, L. B., Bartfai, T., Alanine, A., Hertel, C., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/417254a · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Circulating fibrocytes: collagen-secreting cells of the peripheral blood
Quan, T. E., Cowper, S. E., Wu, S.-P., Bockenstedt, L. K., & Bucala, R. (2003) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2003.10.005 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Nomenclature 2014: Amyloid fibril proteins and clinical classification of the amyloidosis
Sipe, J. D., Benson, M. D., Buxbaum, J. N., Ikeda, S.-I., Merlini, G., Saraiva, M. J., & Westermark, P. (2014) · Amyloid · doi:10.3109/13506129.2014.964858 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Structure of pentameric human serum amyloid P component
Emsley, J., White, H., O'Hara, B., Oliva, G., Srinivasan, N., Tickle, I., Blundell, T., Pepys, M., & Wood, S. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/367338a0 · Cited by 488 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The structure of SAP (and CRP) pentamers is a flat disk with a hole in the middle (11, 12).”
BackgroundPilling, D., Fan, T., Huang, D. S., Kaul, B., & Gomer, R. H. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007475 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Self-citationBone marrow-derived fibrocytes participate in pathogenesis of liver fibrosis
Kisseleva, T., Uchinami, H., Feirt, N. M., Bustamante, O. Q., Segovia, J. C., Schwabe, R. F., & Brenner, D. A. (2006) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.04.014 · Cited by 469 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Fibrocytes are also present in the fibrotic lesions in animalmodels of pulmonary fibrosis (53, 67–75), liver fibrosis (71) and renal fibrosis (73, 76).”
BackgroundFibrocytes: emerging effector cells in chronic inflammation
Reilkoff, R. A., Bucala, R., & Herzog, E. L. (2011) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2990 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Animal Models of Fibrotic Lung Disease
Moore, B. B., Lawson, W. E., Oury, T. D., Sisson, T. H., Raghavendran, K., & Hogaboam, C. M. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2013-0094tr · Cited by 417 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A simple non-surgical animal model of a fibrosing disease is pulmonary fibrosis in mice and rats, where a drug called bleomycin can be pipetted through the mouth into the airway, and within 14 days causes pulmonary fibrosis (112, 113).”
BackgroundMORI, L., BELLINI, A., Stacey, M. A., Schmidt, M., & Mattoli, S. (2004) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.11.011 · Cited by 382 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although fibrocytes are rarely observed in normal tissues, they are present in high numbers in healing wounds (46, 50, 51) and fibrotic lesions in pulmonary fibrosis (51–58), keloid scars (59, 60), asthma (52, 61, 62), chronic kidney disease (63–65), and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (66).”
BackgroundMultimer Formation and Ligand Recognition by the Long Pentraxin PTX3
Bottazzi, B., Vouret‐Craviari, V., Bastone, A., GIOIA, L. D., Matteucci, C., Peri, G., Spreafico, F., Pausa, M., D'Ettorre, C., Gianazza, E., et al. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.52.32817 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Regulated Production of Type I Collagen and Inflammatory Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Fibrocytes
Chesney, J. A., Metz, C. N., Stavitsky, A. B., Bacher, M., & Bucala, R. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.419 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Lee, C. G., Cho, S. J., Kang, M., Chapoval, S. P., Lee, P. J., Noble, P. W., Yehualaeshet, T., Lu, B., Flavell, R. A., Milbrandt, J., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20040104 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
TGF-beta driven lung fibrosis is macrophage dependent and blocked by Serum amyloid P
Murray, L. A., Chen, Q., Kramer, M. S., Hesson, D. P., Argentieri, R. L., Peng, X., Gulati, M., Homer, R. J., Russell, T., van Rooijen, N., et al. (2011) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.013 · Cited by 362 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Compared to controls, patients with renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, myelofibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed connective tissue disease tend to have low levels of SAP, supporting the idea that fibrosis might in part involve a SAP deficiency (81, 98, 103, 117).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFibrocytes are a potential source of lung fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Andersson‐Sjöland, A., de Alba, C. G., Nihlberg, K., Becerril, C., Ramı́rez, R., Pardo, A., Westergren‐Thorsson, G., & Selman, M. (2008) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.012 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Osmand, A., Friedenson, B., Gewurz, H., Painter, R. H., Hofmann, T., & Shelton, E. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.2.739 · Cited by 350 · cited 4× · see citing works
“9:2328. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02328 The Development of Serum Amyloid P as a Possible Therapeutic Darrell Pilling* and Richard H. Gomer* Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States Pentraxins such as serum amyloid P (SAP; also known as PTX2) regulate several aspects of the innate i…”
MethodInfluentialThree dimensional structure of human C-reactive protein
Shrive, A., Gheetham, G. M. T., Holden, D., Myles, D., Turnell, W., Volanakis, J., Pepys, M., Bloomer, A., & Greenhough, T. (1996) · Nature Structural Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb0496-346 · Cited by 349 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The structure of SAP (and CRP) pentamers is a flat disk with a hole in the middle (11, 12).”
BackgroundChesney, J. A., Bacher, M., Bender, A., & Bucala, R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.12.6307 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Therapeutic Clearance of Amyloid by Antibodies to Serum Amyloid P Component.
Richards, D. B., Cookson, L., Berges, A., Barton, S. V., Lane, T., Ritter, J., Fontana, M., Moon, J., Pinzani, M., Gillmore, J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504942 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors mediate ischemic cardiomyopathy in mice
Haudek, S. B., Xia, Y., Huebener, P., Lee, J. M., Carlson, S., Crawford, J. R., Pilling, D., Gomer, R. H., Trial, J., Frangogiannis, N. G., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608799103 · Cited by 339 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP injections have now been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in other models of pulmonary fibrosis (102, 103), cardiac fibrosis (96, 97), radiation-induced oral mucositis (101), allergic airway disease (100), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (114), corneal wound healing (75), and two models of renal fibrosis/ e…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAntibodies to human serum amyloid P component eliminate visceral amyloid deposits
Bodin, K., Ellmerich, S., Kahan, M., Tennent, G. A., Loesch, A., Gilbertson, J. A., Hutchinson, W. L., Mangione, P. P., Gallimore, J. R., Millar, D. J., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09494 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Inhibition of Fibrocyte Differentiation by Serum Amyloid P 1
Pilling, D., Buckley, C., Salmon, M., & Gomer, R. (2003) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5537 · Cited by 331 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Compared to controls, patients with renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, myelofibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed connective tissue disease tend to have low levels of SAP, supporting the idea that fibrosis might in part involve a SAP deficiency (81, 98, 103, 117).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationExploring Animal Models That Resemble Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Tashiro, J., Rubio, G. A., LIMPER, A. H., Williams, K. J., Elliot, S. J., Ninou, I., Aidinis, V., Tzouvelekis, A., & Glassberg, M. K. (2017) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00118 · Cited by 316 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A simple non-surgical animal model of a fibrosing disease is pulmonary fibrosis in mice and rats, where a drug called bleomycin can be pipetted through the mouth into the airway, and within 14 days causes pulmonary fibrosis (112, 113).”
BackgroundThe Role of CCL12 in the Recruitment of Fibrocytes and Lung Fibrosis
Moore, B. B., Murray, L. A., Das, A., Wilke, C. A., Herrygers, A. B., & Toews, G. B. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2005-0239oc · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Structural recognition and functional activation of FcγR by innate pentraxins
Lu, J., Marnell, L. L., Marjon, K. D., Mold, C., Clos, T. W. D., & Sun, P. D. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07468 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Serum amyloid P-component is an acute-phase reactant in the mouse
Pepys, M., Baltz, M., Gomer, K., Davies, A. J. S., & Doenhoff, M. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/278259a0 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Pivotal Advance: Th‐1 cytokines inhibit, and Th‐2 cytokines promote fibrocyte differentiation
Shao, D., Suresh, R., Vakil, V., Gomer, R., & Pilling, D. (2008) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1107782 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationSakai, N., Wada, T., Yokoyama, H., Lipp, M., Ueha, S., Matsushima, K., & Kaneko, S. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511200103 · Cited by 278 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Fibrocytes are also present in the fibrotic lesions in animalmodels of pulmonary fibrosis (53, 67–75), liver fibrosis (71) and renal fibrosis (73, 76).”
Background(1979) · PubMed Central · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Amyloid deposition is delayed in mice with targeted deletion of the serum amyloid P component gene
Botto, M., Hawkins, P. N., Bickerstaff, M. C. M., Herbert, J., Bygrave, A. E., Mcbride, A., Hutchinson, W. L., Tennent, G. A., Walportz, M. J., & Pepys, M. B. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0897-855 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Hartlapp, I., Abe, R., Saeed, R. W., Peng, T., Voelter, W., Bucala, R., & Metz, C. N. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0049com · Cited by 266 · cited 1× · see citing works
“lesions, fibrocytes promote angiogenesis (77), which can then promote the growth of the scar tissue, and secrete TGF-β (78), which causes resident fibroblasts to proliferate and increase their collagen production.”
BackgroundBone Marrow Origin of Myofibroblasts in Irradiation Pulmonary Fibrosis
Epperly, M. W., Guo, H., Gretton, J. E., & Greenberger, J. S. (2003) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2002-0069oc · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The molecular basis of innate immunity in the horseshoe crab
Iwanaga, S. (2002) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0952-7915(01)00302-8 · Cited by 256 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Proteins with strong similarity to SAP (and CRP and PTX3) are present in the hemolymph of horseshoe crabs (17, 19), so this debris clearancemechanism appears to have evolved during the early evolution of animals (Figure 1).”
BackgroundCirculating peripheral blood fibrocytes in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Mehrad, B., Burdick, M. D., Zisman, D. A., Keane, M. P., Belperio, J. A., & Strieter, R. M. (2006) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.149 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Direkze, N. C., Forbes, S. J., Brittan, M., Hunt, T., Jeffery, R. E., Preston, S. L., Poulsom, R., Hodivala‐Dilke, K., Alison, M. R., & Wright, N. A. (2003) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.21-5-514 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: the first 6 years
Cowper, S. E. (2003) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/00002281-200311000-00017 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Yang, L., Scott, P. G., Giuffre, J. L., Shankowsky, H. A., Ghahary, A., & Tredget, E. E. (2002) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000027841.50269.61 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
CD4 + T cells control the differentiation of Gr1 + monocytes into fibrocytes
Niedermeier, M., Reich, B., Gomez, M. R., Denzel, A., Schmidbauer, K., Goebel, N., Talke, Y., Schweda, F., & Mack, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0906070106 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Reduction of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Serum Amyloid P
Pilling, D., Roife, D., Wang, M., Ronkainen, S. D., Crawford, J. R., Travis, E. L., & Gomer, R. H. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4035 · Cited by 230 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In the bleomycin model, SAP injections led to reduced numbers of fibrocytes in the lungs and reduced fibrosis in rats and mice, and delaying SAP injections until inflammation and fibrosis was already apparent (therapeutic dosing) also reduced symptoms (84).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRaghu, G., van den Blink, B., Hamblin, M. J., Brown, A., Golden, J. A., Ho, L. A., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Vašáková, M., Pesci, A., Antin-Ozerkis, D. E., et al. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6129 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Serum Amyloid P Inhibits Fibrosis Through FcγR-Dependent Monocyte-Macrophage Regulation in Vivo
Castano, A., Lin, S.-L., Surowy, T., Nowlin, B. T., Turlapati, S. A., Patel, T., Singh, A., Li, S. S., Lupher, M., & Duffield, J. (2009) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000111 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
PTX3, a Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule, in Innate Immunity, Tissue Repair, and Cancer
Garlanda, C., Bottazzi, B., Magrini, E. I., Inforzato, A., & Mantovani, A. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00016.2017 · Cited by 212 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The crystal structure of PTX3 has yet to be determined, but models based on site-directed mutagenesis, electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering data suggests that PTX3 is an octamer of two tetramers (13).”
BackgroundHawkins, P. N., Lavender, J. P., Myers, M. J., & Pepys, M. B. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92235-0 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Moalli, F., Doni, A., Deban, L., Zelante, T., Zagarella, S., Bottazzi, B., Romani, L., Mantovani, A., & Garlanda, C. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-12-258376 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Murray, L. A., Rosada, R. S., Serezani, A. P. M., Joshi, A., Kramer, M. S., Hesson, D. P., Argentieri, R. L., Mathai, S. K., Gulati, M., Herzog, E. L., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009683 · Cited by 191 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP injections have now been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in other models of pulmonary fibrosis (102, 103), cardiac fibrosis (96, 97), radiation-induced oral mucositis (101), allergic airway disease (100), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (114), corneal wound healing (75), and two models of renal fibrosis/ e…”
BackgroundThe pentraxins PTX3 and SAP in innate immunity, regulation of inflammation and tissue remodelling
Bottazzi, B., Inforzato, A., Messa, M., Barbagallo, M., Magrini, E. I., Garlanda, C., & Mantovani, A. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.029 · Cited by 186 · cited 1× · see citing works
“CRP and PTX3 can similarly bind a variety of debris molecules (17, 18).”
BackgroundFibrocytes from burn patients regulate the activities of fibroblasts
Wang, J. F., Jiao, H., Stewart, T. L., Shankowsky, H. A., Scott, P. G., & Tredget, E. E. (2007) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2006.00192.x · Cited by 182 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In addition to contributing to themass of fibrotic Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org 2 October 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 2328 lesions, fibrocytes promote angiogenesis (77), which can then promote the growth of the scar tissue, and secrete TGF-β (78), which causes resident fibroblasts to proliferate and inc…”
BackgroundAmyloid P component. A critical review
Pepys, M. B., Booth, D. R., Hutchinson, W. L., Gallimore, J. R., Collins, I. M., & Hohenester, E. (1997) · Amyloid · doi:10.3109/13506129709003838 · Cited by 181 · cited 2× · see citing works
“SAP is made by hepatocytes and secreted into the blood (1, 2).”
BackgroundPTX3 function as an opsonin for the dectin-1-dependent internalization of zymosan by macrophages
Diniz, S. N., Nomizo, R., Cisalpino, P. S., Teixeira, M. M., Brown, G. D., Mantovani, A., Gordon, S., Reis, L. F. L., & Dias, A. A. M. (2004) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0803371 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The ultrastructure of human amyloid as revealed by the negative staining technique
Bladen, H. A., Nylen, M. U., & Glenner, G. G. (1966) · Journal of Ultrastructure Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(66)80075-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Identification of fibrocytes in postburn hypertrophic scar
Yang, L., Scott, P. G., Dodd, C. M., Medina, A., Jiao, H., Shankowsky, H. A., Ghahary, A., & Tredget, E. E. (2005) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130407.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Noursadeghi, M., Bickerstaff, M., Gallimore, J., Herbert, J., Cohen, J., & Pepys, M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14584 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Mortensen, R. F., Osmand, A. P., Lint, T. F., & Gewurz, H. (1976) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.117.3.774 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Role of neoplastic monocyte-derived fibrocytes in primary myelofibrosis
Verstovšek, S., Manshouri, T., Pilling, D., Bueso-Ramos, C., Newberry, K. J., Prijić, S., Knez, L., Božinović, K., Harris, D., Spaeth, E. L., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20160283 · Cited by 161 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Compared to controls, patients with renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, myelofibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed connective tissue disease tend to have low levels of SAP, supporting the idea that fibrosis might in part involve a SAP deficiency (81, 98, 103, 117).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPepys, M., Dash, A., Munn, E., Feinstein, A., Skinner, M., Cohen, A. B., Gewurz, H., Osmand, A., & Painter, R. H. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91260-0 · Cited by 160 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP is also easily purified by incubating serum with certain types of agarose in the presence of calcium, washing unbound protein off, and then eluting fairly pure bound SAP with a calcium chelator (28, 29).”
BackgroundSerum Amyloid P Component Binds to Fcγ Receptors and Opsonizes Particles for Phagocytosis
Bharadwaj, D., Mold, C., Markham, E., & Clos, T. W. D. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6735 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Devaraj, S., & Jialal, I. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.225508 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Maharjan, A. S., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026078 · Cited by 154 · cited 9× · see citing works
“Phagocytic cells, such as monocytes, bind SAP, CRP, and PTX3 using different combinations of FcγRs (16, 86, 98, 152–156), and the structure of SAP bound to FcγRIIa and modeling of SAP binding to other Fc receptors has been published (157, 158).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPattern Recognition by Pentraxins
Agrawal, A., Singh, P. P., Bottazzi, B., Garlanda, C., & Mantovani, A. (2009) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0901-5_7 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Serum Amyloid P Component and C-Reactive Protein Mediate Phagocytosis Through Murine FcγRs
Mold, C., Gresham, H. D., & Clos, T. W. D. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.1200 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Xu, W., & Xiong, S. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002315 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
A cell-counting factor regulating structure size in DictyosteliumPreprint
Brock, D. A., & Gomer, R. H. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1960 · Cited by 141 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our lab had been studying the ability of diffusible secreted factors to indicate the local density and composition of cells in a tissue, using the eukaryotic amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system (79, 80).”
MethodSelf-citationImmunologic Studies on a Protein Extracted from Human Secondary Amyloid
Cathcart, E. S., Comerford, F. R., & Cohen, A. S. (1965) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196507152730306 · Cited by 137 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP was originally isolated as a serum-derived protein found in all types of amyloid deposits (hence the serum amyloid part of its name) (22, 23).”
BackgroundRichards, D. B., Cookson, L. M., Barton, S. V., Liefaard, L., Lane, T., Hutt, D. F., Ritter, J. M., Fontana, M., Moon, J. C., Gillmore, J. D., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan3128 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Moreira, A., Cavassani, K., Hullinger, R., Rosada, R. S., Fong, D. J., Murray, L., Hesson, D., & Hogaboam, C. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.010 · Cited by 133 · cited 2× · see citing works
“M1macrophages are highly aggressive against bacteria and other pathogens, but SAP, which is a constitutive component of the blood, pushes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory/antifibrotic phenotype (90, 95, 99, 100, 103, 156, 167, 168).”
BackgroundTNF-α–stimulated fibroblasts secrete lumican to promote fibrocyte differentiation
Pilling, D., Vakil, V., Cox, N., & Gomer, R. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1507387112 · Cited by 132 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Thankfully, SAP can override the effect of lumican on fibrocytes (142).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMa, Y. J., Doni, A., Skjoedt, M., Honoré, C., Arendrup, M. C., Mantovani, A., & Garred, P. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.190637 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Aggregated IgG inhibits the differentiation of human fibrocytes
Pilling, D., Tucker, N. M., & Gomer, R. (2006) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0805456 · Cited by 116 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In support of the hypothesis that SAP inhibits fibrocyte differentiation by binding to FcγRs, we found that cross-linked but not monomeric IgG also inhibits fibrocyte differentiation (159).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKravitz, M. S., Pitashny, M., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-005-7828-2 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The interaction of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component with nuclear antigens
Clos, T. W. D. (1996) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/bf00351177 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Hawkins, P. N., Wootton, R., & Pepys, M. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114917 · Cited by 102 · cited 2× · see citing works
“First, amyloid deposits resemble in many ways fibrotic lesions, and the half-life of SAP in amyloid deposits is 24–27 days (124, 130, 131).”
BackgroundCompensated cardiac hypertrophy: arrhythmogenicity and the new myocardial phenotype. I. Fibrosis
Assayag, P. (1997) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(97)00073-4 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Lu, J., Marjon, K. D., Mold, C., Clos, T. W. D., & Sun, P. D. (2012) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01162.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Recombinant human serum amyloid P in healthy volunteers and patients with pulmonary fibrosis
Dillingh, M. R., van den Blink, B., Moerland, M., van Dongen, M. G. J., Levi, M. M., KleinJan, A., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Lupher, M., Harper, D. M., Getsy, J. A., et al. (2013) · Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2013.01.008 · Cited by 98 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The plasma clearance rates for patients treated with SAP is ∼24 to 30 h (5, 124).”
BackgroundPentraxins: structure, function, and role in inflammation.
du Clos, T. W. (2013) · ISRN Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/379040 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Alba, S., & Tagami, H. (1997) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1997.tb01098.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Serum amyloid P component in chronic renal failure and dialysis.
Nelson, S. R., Tennent, G., Sethi, D., Gower, P., Ballardie, F. W., Amatayakul-Chantler, S., & Pepys, M. (1991) · Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(91)90090-y · Cited by 91 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although SAP levels in humans are unaffected by inflammation, serum SAP levels in the general population range from 20 to 60μg/ml (3, 5, 110).”
BackgroundSerum amyloid P: a systemic regulator of the innate immune response
Cox, N., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. (2014) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1mr0114-068r · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationFibroblasts secrete Slit2 to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation and fibrosis
Pilling, D., Zheng, Z., Vakil, V., & Gomer, R. H. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1417426112 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We found that although quiescent fibroblasts secrete the protein Slit2 to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation (essentially telling incoming monocytes that no more fibroblast-cells are needed) (138),”
BackgroundSelf-citationFc receptor engagement mediates differentiation of cardiac fibroblast precursor cells
Haudek, S. B., Trial, J., Xia, Y., Gupta, D., Pilling, D., & Entman, M. L. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804910105 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP injections have now been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in other models of pulmonary fibrosis (102, 103), cardiac fibrosis (96, 97), radiation-induced oral mucositis (101), allergic airway disease (100), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (114), corneal wound healing (75), and two models of renal fibrosis/ e…”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe role of the fibrocyte in intimal hyperplasia
Varcoe, R. L., Mikhail, M., Guiffre, A. K., Pennings, G. J., Vicaretti, M., Hawthorne, W. J., Fletcher, J., & Medbury, H. J. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01924.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Regulation of phagocytic leukocyte activities by C-reactive protein
Mortensen, R. F., & Zhong, W. (2000) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.67.4.495 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
PRM-151 (recombinant human serum amyloid P/pentraxin 2) for the treatment of fibrosis
Duffield, J. S., & Lupher, M. (2010) · Drug News & Perspectives · doi:10.1358/dnp.2010.23.5.1444206 · Cited by 83 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For this and other reasons, colleagues used the alternative SAP nomenclature Pentraxin 2 (PTX2) (26, 119), and called the recombinant SAP used for clinical trials PRM-151 (120).”
MethodGan, Y., Reilkoff, R. A., Peng, X., Russell, T., Chen, Q., Mathai, S. K., Homer, R., Gulati, M., Siner, J. M., Elias, J. A., et al. (2011) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.30386 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Persistent Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis in Serum Amyloid P Component (Apcs-/-) Knockout Mice
Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093730 · Cited by 82 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Compared to control mice, mice lacking SAP have strongly increased pulmonary fibrosis in response to bleomycin, indicating that an endogenous function of SAP is to reduce fibrosis (116).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSystemic amyloidosis: novel therapies and role of biomarkers
Nuvolone, M., & Merlini, G. (2016) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfw305 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A density-sensing factor regulates signal transduction in Dictyostelium.
Yuen, I. S., Jain, R., Bishop, J. D., Lindsey, D. F., Deery, W. J., Haastert, P. J. V., & Gomer, R. H. (1995) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.129.5.1251 · Cited by 77 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our lab had been studying the ability of diffusible secreted factors to indicate the local density and composition of cells in a tissue, using the eukaryotic amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system (79, 80).”
MethodSelf-citationThe renin–angiotensin system contributes to renal fibrosis through regulation of fibrocytes
Sakai, N., Wada, T., Matsushima, K., Bucala, R., Iwai, M., Horiuchi, M., & Kaneko, S. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f3e9e6 · Cited by 75 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Fibrocytes are also present in the fibrotic lesions in animalmodels of pulmonary fibrosis (53, 67–75), liver fibrosis (71) and renal fibrosis (73, 76).”
BackgroundEffect of TGFβ and PDGF-B blockade on corneal myofibroblast development in mice
Singh, V., de Santhiago, M. R., Barbosa, F. L., Agrawal, V., Singh, N., Ambati, B. K., & Wilson, S. E. (2011) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.09.012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Le, P. T., Muller, M. T., & Mortensen, R. F. (1982) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.129.2.665 · Cited by 68 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In mice, SAP acts as an acute phase protein, with levels rising up to 20-fold following an inflammatory insult (6, 7).”
BackgroundHuman Serum Amyloid P Component is a Single Uncomplexed Pentamer in Whole Serum
Hutchinson, W. L., Hohenester, E., & Pepys, M. B. (2000) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03401789 · Cited by 66 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP is made by hepatocytes and secreted into the blood (1, 2).”
Backgroundde Haas, C. J. C., van Leeuwen, E. M. M., van Bommel, T., Verhoef, J., van Kessel, K. P. M., & van Strijp, J. A. G. (2000) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.68.4.1753-1759.2000 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ca2+-dependent Binding of Human Serum Amyloid P Component to Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Peptide
Hamazaki, H. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.18.10392 · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“help of the bound Ca, this side of the disk binds to a variety of molecules including apoptotic debris, bacterial polysaccharides, amyloid deposits, and bacterial toxins (1, 14, 15).”
BackgroundCox, N., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1500956112 · Cited by 62 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Surprisingly, monocytes from cells lacking all four known FcγRs still responded to SAP, indicating that a different receptor also mediates SAP signaling (156, 160).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPlasma Protein Constituents of Amyloid Fibrils
Cathcart, E. S., Wollheim, F. A., & Cohen, A. S. (1967) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.99.2.376 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP was originally isolated as a serum-derived protein found in all types of amyloid deposits (hence the serum amyloid part of its name) (22, 23).”
BackgroundSerum amyloid P inhibits dermal wound healing
Naik-Mathuria, B., Pilling, D., Crawford, J. R., Gay, A. N., Smith, C., Gomer, R., & Olutoye, O. (2008) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2008.00366.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite, M. J. V., Roife, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1500365 · Cited by 60 · cited 2× · see citing works
“SAP also competes with these signals to inhibit fibrocytes and macrophages (148, 149).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSialidase inhibitors attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model
Karhadkar, T. R., Pilling, D., Cox, N., & Gomer, R. H. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15198-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationLectures on Surgical Pathology, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Paget, J. T.-E. H. (1865) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-186507000-00045 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pentraxin-2 suppresses c-Jun/AP-1 signaling to inhibit progressive fibrotic disease
Nakagawa, N., Barron, L., Gomez, I. G., Johnson, B. G., Roach, A. M., Kameoka, S., Jack, R. M., Lupher, M. L., Gharib, S. A., & Duffield, J. S. (2016) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.87446 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
CRP enhances soluble LOX-1 release from macrophages by activating TNF-α converting enzyme
Zhao, X. Q., Zhang, M. W., Wang, F., Zhao, Y. X., Li, J. J., Wang, X. P., Bu, P. L., Yang, J. M., Liu, X. L., Zhang, M. X., et al. (2011) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m015156 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
FcγRI mediates serum amyloid P inhibition of fibrocyte differentiation
Crawford, J. R., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. (2012) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0112033 · Cited by 55 · cited 2× · see citing works
“None of the mutant SAPs completely abrogated SAP activity (86, 156).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWang, J., Jiao, H., Stewart, T. L., Shankowsky, H. A., Scott, P. G., & Tredget, E. E. (2007) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2007.0008 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
THE STRUCTURE AND BINDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SERUM AMYLOID PROTEIN (9.5S α1‐glycoprotein)
Painter, R. H., Escallón, I. D., Massey, A., Pinteric, L., & Stern, S. B. (1982) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22138.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Combination therapy with naproxen and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis
Willkens, R. F., & Segre, E. J. (1976) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(197607/08)19:4 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shin, J. U., Kim, S. H., Kim, H.-R., Noh, J. Y., Jin, S., Park, C. O., Lee, W. J., Lee, D. W., Lee, J. H., & Lee, D. W. (2015) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.008 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hawkins, P. N., APRILE, C., Capri, G., Viganò, L., Munzone, E., Gianni, L., Pepys, M. B., & Merlini, G. (1998) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s002590050272 · Cited by 48 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, amyloid deposits resemble in many ways fibrotic lesions, and the half-life of SAP in amyloid deposits is 24–27 days (124, 130, 131).”
BackgroundImproved serum-free culture conditions for spleen-derived murine fibrocytes
Crawford, J. R., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2010) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.025 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Long Pentraxin PTX3 Promotes Fibrocyte Differentiation
Pilling, D., Cox, N., Vakil, V., Verbeek, J. S., & Gomer, R. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119709 · Cited by 45 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Phagocytic cells, such as monocytes, bind SAP, CRP, and PTX3 using different combinations of FcγRs (16, 86, 98, 152–156), and the structure of SAP bound to FcγRIIa and modeling of SAP binding to other Fc receptors has been published (157, 158).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPilling, D., Galvis-Carvajal, E., Karhadkar, T. R., Cox, N., & Gomer, R. H. (2017) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0214-z · Cited by 45 · cited 2× · see citing works
“M1macrophages are highly aggressive against bacteria and other pathogens, but SAP, which is a constitutive component of the blood, pushes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory/antifibrotic phenotype (90, 95, 99, 100, 103, 156, 167, 168).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCox, N., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1400281 · Cited by 43 · cited 3× · see citing works
“M1macrophages are highly aggressive against bacteria and other pathogens, but SAP, which is a constitutive component of the blood, pushes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory/antifibrotic phenotype (90, 95, 99, 100, 103, 156, 167, 168).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFibrocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of human chronic kidney disease
Sakai, N., Furuichi, K., Shinozaki, Y., Yamauchi, H., Toyama, T., Kitajima, S., Okumura, T., Kokubo, S., Kobayashi, M., Takasawa, K., et al. (2009) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.008 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Involvement of bone-marrow-derived cells in kidney fibrosis
Wada, T., Sakai, N., Sakai, Y., Matsushima, K., Kaneko, S., & Furuichi, K. (2010) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-010-0372-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
FcγRIIa expression with FcγRI results in C-reactive protein- and IgG-mediated phagocytosis
Bodman-Smith, K. B., Gregory, R. E., Harrison, P. T., & Raynes, J. G. (2004) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0703306 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Trypsin, Tryptase, and Thrombin Polarize Macrophages towards a Pro-Fibrotic M2a Phenotype
White, M. J. V., & Gomer, R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138748 · Cited by 41 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP also competes with these signals to inhibit fibrocytes and macrophages (148, 149).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSerum amyloid P ameliorates radiation-induced oral mucositis and fibrosis
Murray, L. A., Kramer, M. S., Hesson, D. P., Watkins, B. A., Fey, E. G., Argentieri, R. L., Shaheen, F., Knight, D. A., & Sonis, S. T. (2010) · Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair · doi:10.1186/1755-1536-3-11 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP injections have now been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in other models of pulmonary fibrosis (102, 103), cardiac fibrosis (96, 97), radiation-induced oral mucositis (101), allergic airway disease (100), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (114), corneal wound healing (75), and two models of renal fibrosis/ e…”
BackgroundSørensen, I. J., Nielsen, E. H., Andersen, O., Danielsen, B., & Svehag, S. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-326.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Trypsin Potentiates Human Fibrocyte Differentiation
White, M. J. V., Glenn, M., & Gomer, R. H. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070795 · Cited by 35 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other signals that promote fibrocyte differentiation and profibrotic macrophage differentiation include thrombin activated during blood clotting (this may thus initiate the fibrocyte component of wound healing), and tryptase released from mast cells (147, 148).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPRM-151 in Myelofibrosis: Durable Efficacy and Safety at 72 Weeks
Verstovšek, S., Mesa, R. A., Foltz, L. M., Gupta, V. K., Mascarenhas, J. O., Ritchie, E. K., Hoffman, R., Silver, R. T., Kremyanskaya, M., Pozdnyakova, O., et al. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v126.23.56.56 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Serum amyloid P inhibits granulocyte adhesion
Maharjan, A., Roife, D., Brazill, D. T., & Gomer, R. H. (2013) · Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair · doi:10.1186/1755-1536-6-2 · Cited by 33 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP decreases neutrophil binding to extracellular matrix components (164–166), and in a mouse model of ARDS, SAP injections starting 24 h after injury reduced the number of neutrophils in the lungs (166).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSerum amyloid P-component-induced enhancement of macrophage listericidal activity
Singh, P., Gervais, F., Skamene, E., & Mortensen, R. F. (1986) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.52.3.688-694.1986 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Monocyte development inhibitor PRM-151 decreases corneal myofibroblast generation in rabbits
de Santhiago, M. R., Singh, V., Barbosa, F. L., Agrawal, V., & Wilson, S. E. (2011) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.08.015 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP injections have now been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in other models of pulmonary fibrosis (102, 103), cardiac fibrosis (96, 97), radiation-induced oral mucositis (101), allergic airway disease (100), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (114), corneal wound healing (75), and two models of renal fibrosis/ e…”
BackgroundSAP Suppresses the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57BL6 Mice
Ji, Z., Ke, Z.-J., & Geng, J. (2011) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2011.51 · Cited by 29 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SAP injections have now been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in other models of pulmonary fibrosis (102, 103), cardiac fibrosis (96, 97), radiation-induced oral mucositis (101), allergic airway disease (100), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (114), corneal wound healing (75), and two models of renal fibrosis/ e…”
BackgroundToll-like receptor 2 agonists inhibit human fibrocyte differentiation
Maharjan, A. S., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2010) · Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair · doi:10.1186/1755-1536-3-23 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationNaCl Potentiates Human Fibrocyte Differentiation
Cox, N., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045674 · Cited by 28 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One compound that may be clinically relevant is NaCl, which when added to increase the medium NaCl concentration by 25mM (this level of increase can be seen in the serum after a very salty meal) potentiates fibrocyte differentiation and inhibits the SAP effect, possibly explaining why high salt intake is associated wi…”
BackgroundSelf-citationJust, S. A., Lindegaard, H., Hejbøl, E. K., Davidsen, J. R., Bjerring, N., Hansen, S., Schrøder, H. D., Hansen, I. M. J., Barington, T., & Nielsen, C. (2017) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pegues, M. A., McWilliams, I. L., & Szalai, A. J. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00107.2016 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Regulatory Pathways for Fibrocyte Differentiation
Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2007) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789812706690_0003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationPontet, M., d’Asnieres, M., Gache, D., Escaig, J., & Engler, R. (1981) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure · doi:10.1016/0005-2795(81)90135-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A serum amyloid P‐binding hydrogel speeds healing of partial thickness wounds in pigs
Gomer, R. H., Pilling, D., Kauvar, L. M., Ellsworth, S. L., Ronkainen, S. D., Roife, D., & Davis, S. C. (2009) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00482.x · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These dressings speeded healing of these wounds, as well as partial thickness dermal wounds in pigs (109).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWang, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, X., Huang, J., Shang, J., & Sun, S. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003641 · Cited by 17 · cited 1× · see citing works
“M1macrophages are highly aggressive against bacteria and other pathogens, but SAP, which is a constitutive component of the blood, pushes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory/antifibrotic phenotype (90, 95, 99, 100, 103, 156, 167, 168).”
BackgroundPentraxins and IgA share a binding hot‐spot on FcαRI
Lu, J., Marjon, K. D., Mold, C., Marnell, L. L., Clos, T. W. D., & Sun, P. D. (2014) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.2419 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Phagocytic cells, such as monocytes, bind SAP, CRP, and PTX3 using different combinations of FcγRs (16, 86, 98, 152–156), and the structure of SAP bound to FcγRIIa and modeling of SAP binding to other Fc receptors has been published (157, 158).”
BackgroundDietary NaCl affects bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice
Chen, W., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2017) · Experimental Lung Research · doi:10.1080/01902148.2017.1385110 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBinding of human serum amyloid P componentto L‐selectin
Stibenz, D., Gräfe, M., Debus, N., Hasbach, M., Bahr, I., Graf, K., Fleck, E., Thanabalasingam, U., & Bührer, C. (2006) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200425360 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chen, W., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2017) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0230-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationInvolvement of fibrocytes in allergen-induced T cell responses and rhinovirus infections in asthma
Isgrò, M., Bianchetti, L., Marini, M. A., & Mattoli, S. (2013) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.099 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Involvement of fibrocytes in asthma and clinical implications
Mattoli, S. (2015) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.12525 · Cited by 12 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although fibrocytes are rarely observed in normal tissues, they are present in high numbers in healing wounds (46, 50, 51) and fibrotic lesions in pulmonary fibrosis (51–58), keloid scars (59, 60), asthma (52, 61, 62), chronic kidney disease (63–65), and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (66).”
BackgroundSen, J. W., Recke, C., Rahbek, L., Skogstrand, K., & Heegaard, N. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01178.x · Cited by 12 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although SAP levels in humans are unaffected by inflammation, serum SAP levels in the general population range from 20 to 60μg/ml (3, 5, 110).”
BackgroundSerum amyloid P component (not Serum Amyloid Protein)
Pepys, M. B. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/11272 · Cited by 11 · cited 1× · see citing works
“An early worker in the SAP field encountered this too, and published a letter in Nature entitled “Serum Amyloid P component (not Serum Amyloid Protein)” (118).”
BackgroundNaylor, M. C., Lazar, D. A., Zamora, I. J., Mushin, O. P., Yu, L., Brissett, A. E., & Olutoye, O. O. (2012) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00782.x · Cited by 10 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, ELISA assays of sera from keloid patients (these patients form greatly exaggerated dermal scars) showed normal levels of SAP, but the fibrocyte assay on keloid patient PBMC showed that these cells are relatively insensitive to SAP (132).”
BackgroundPeritoneal Dialysis Fluid and Some of its Components Potentiate Fibrocyte Differentiation
Herlihy, S. E., Starke, H. E., Lopez-Anton, M., Cox, N., Keyhanian, K., Fraser, D. J., & Gomer, R. H. (2015) · Peritoneal Dialysis International · doi:10.3747/pdi.2014.00284 · Cited by 10 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Peritoneal dialysis can lead to peritoneal fibrosis, and we found that peritoneal dialysis fluid and dialysis fluid components such as NaCl also promote fibrocyte differentiation and impede SAP (139).”
BackgroundSelf-citationZhong, J.-N., Lan, L., Chen, Y., Huang, G., He, G., Yang, J., & Gao, Y. (2017) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zhang, Y.-M., Fang, Y.-D., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Lei, Z., Liu, X., Mao, T., & Fan, D. (2010) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.036 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Compared to controls, patients with low levels of SAP have better survival of skin grafts, supporting the idea that reducing SAP levels might help wound healing (111).”
ResultSato, T., Kameyama, T., Noto, T., Ueno, H., & Inoue, H. (2015) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.14-224 · Cited by 8 · cited 1× · see citing works
“M1macrophages are highly aggressive against bacteria and other pathogens, but SAP, which is a constitutive component of the blood, pushes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory/antifibrotic phenotype (90, 95, 99, 100, 103, 156, 167, 168).”
BackgroundXiang, W., Cox, N., & Gomer, R. H. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1a0317-118rr · Cited by 6 · cited 2× · see citing works
“To test the hypothesis that blocking SAP signaling to macrophages would reduce regulatory macrophages and increase M1 macrophages, we screened 3,000 compounds for the ability to inhibit the binding of SAP to FcγRI, and found 12 that reduced this binding (170).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationGalkina, E., Nazarov, P. G., Polevschikov, A. V., Lk, B., Galkin, V. E., & Бычкова, Н. В. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 176 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases
Li, D., & Wu, M. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00687-0 · Cited by 1,807 · see citing works
TGF-β signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer
Giarratana, A. O., Prendergast, C. M., Salvatore, M. M., & Capaccione, K. M. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05411-4 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Wolff, D., Radojčić, V., Lafyatis, R., Çınar, R., Rosenstein, R. K., Cowen, E. W., Cheng, G., Sheshadri, A., Bergeron, A., Williams, K. M., et al. (2021) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2021.06.001 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“Phase 2—Myelofibrosis (NCT01981850) [253, 254]”
Pharmacotherapy and adjunctive treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Saito, S., Alkhatib, A. L., Kolls, J. K., Kondoh, Y., & Lasky, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.04.62 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Fibrocytes, Wound Healing, and Corneal Fibrosis
de Oliveira, R. C., & Wilson, S. E. (2020) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.61.2.28 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Zumerle, S., Sarill, M., Saponaro, M., Colucci, M., Contu, L., Lazzarini, E., Sartori, R., Pezzini, C., Rinaldi, A. M., Scanu, A., et al. (2024) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-024-00663-7 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“…profiler analysis of kidney lysates from young, old untreated and old treated mice also revealed that treatment with HK reverted the age-related increase of Pentraxin-2/SAP and Lipocalin-2/NGAL—two proteins associated with inflammation and kidney damage, respectively 38,39 (Extended Data Fig.”
Lin, S., Mao, R., Qian, C., Bettenworth, D., Wang, J., Li, J., Bruining, D. H., Jairath, V., Feagan, B. G., Chen, M., et al. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2021 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wangler, S., Kamali, A., Wapp, C., Wuertz‐Kozak, K., Häckel, S., Fortes, C., Benneker, L. M., Haglund, L., Richards, R. G., Alini, M., et al. (2021) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-020-02062-2 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Serum amyloid P component is an essential element of resistance against Aspergillus fumigatus
Doni, A., Parente, R., Laface, I., Magrini, E. I., Cunha, C., Colombo, F., de Lacerda, J. F., Campos, A., Mapelli, S. N., Petroni, F., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24021-y · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Targeting monocytes/macrophages in fibrosis and cancer diseases: Therapeutic approaches
Conte, E. (2021) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108031 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The current landscape of antifibrotic therapy across different organs: A systematic approach
Fuster‐Martínez, I., & Calatayud, S. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107245 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Biomarker discovery for chronic liver diseases by multi-omics – a preclinical case study
Veyel, D., Wenger, K., Broermann, A., Bretschneider, T., Luippold, A. H., Krawczyk, B., Rist, W., & Simon, E. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58030-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Elmahallawy, E. K., Elshopakey, G. E., Saleh, A. A., Agil, A., El-Morsey, A., El-Shewehy, D. M. M., Sad, A. S., Yanai, T., & Abdo, W. S. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8100423 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“This amelioration may be correlated to the presence of organosulfur compounds as S-allylcystein (SAC) in garlic has various antioxidant properties via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and has the ability to diminish the histological damage in liver of mice mediated by carcinogenic drugs [54–56] Serum amyloid P (SAP, pent…”
BackgroundAttenuated pulmonary fibrosis in sialidase-3 knockout (Neu3−/−) mice
Karhadkar, T. R., Chen, W., & Gomer, R. H. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00275.2019 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPlatelet polyphosphate induces fibroblast chemotaxis and myofibroblast differentiation
Suess, P. M., Smith, S. A., & Morrissey, J. H. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15066 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bashir, S., Aiman, A., Shahid, M., Chaudhary, A. A., Sami, N., Basir, S. F., Hassan, M. I., & Islam, A. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102276 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pereira, S. L., Shoemaker, M. E., Gawel, S. H., Davis, G. J., Luo, M., Mustad, V. A., & Cramer, J. T. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14061196 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Systemic complement C3 and serum amyloid P-component (SAP) regulate many aspects of innate immunity, and modest increases in their levels possibly reflect improvements in immune health status following nutritional supplementation [47,48].”
BackgroundScarale, M. G., Copetti, M., Garofolo, M., Fontana, A., Salvemini, L., Cosmo, S. D., Lamacchia, O., Penno, G., Trischitta, V., & Menzaghi, C. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2489 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Robak, A., Kistowski, M., Wojtas, G., Perzanowska, A., Targowski, T., Michalak, A., Krasowski, G., Dadlez, M., & Domański, D. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06924-y · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Comparison of cytokine profiles induced by nonlethal and lethal doses of influenza A virus in mice
Turianov�, L., Lachov�, V., Svetl�kova, D., Kostr�bov�, A., & Betáková, T. (2019) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8096 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“A previous study demonstrated that PTX2 reduces the severity of acute lung injury in an animal model and in humans and might be useful for a variety of disease therapy (51).”
MethodИомдина, Е. Н., Tikhomirova, N. K., Bessmertny, A. M., Serebryakova, M. V., Baksheeva, V. E., Zalevsky, A. O., Kotelin, V. I., Киселева, О. А., Kosakyan, S. M., Zamyatnin, A. A., et al. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Abdel-Hamid, M., Yang, P., Mostafa, I., Osman, A., Romeih, E., Yang, Y., Huang, Z., Awad, A. A., & Li, L. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27051575 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“These inclu e Ig-like domain-containing proteins A0A3Q1LL87, G3MZE0, G3N148, and G3N342, which potentiate B cell receptor signaling pathway and antigen-binding [17]; alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, whic regulat s immune response [18]; beta-2-glycoprotein 1, which is involved in the functionality of innate immunity [19]; im…”
BackgroundThe Impact of Acute Nutritional Interventions on the Plasma Proteome
Vernardis, S. I., Demichev, V., Lemke, O., Grüning, N., Messner, C. B., White, M. E. H., Pietzner, M., Peluso, A., Collet, T., Henning, E., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad031 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wang, H., Nie, Y., Sun, Z., He, Y., & Yang, J. (2024) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.009 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Verstovšek, S., Foltz, L. M., Gupta, V. K., Hasserjian, R. P., Manshouri, T., Mascarenhas, J. O., Mesa, R. A., Pozdnyakova, O., Ritchie, E. K., Veletić, I., et al. (2023) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2022.282411 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Shirai, K., Hikita, H., Sakane, S., Narumi, R., Adachi, J., Doi, A., Tanaka, S., Tahata, Y., Yamada, R., Kodama, T., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“SAP inhibits the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes and neutrophil adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins [44].”
BackgroundYung, Y., Lee, E., Chu, H.-T., Yip, P.-K., & Gill, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22020659 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Emerging pharmacological options in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Aribindi, K., Liu, G. Y., & Albertson, T. E. (2024) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2024.2396121 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Because of SAP regulation of the innate immune response, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory macrophage development, TGF-β1 production and monocyte to profibrotic fibrocytes, it was identified as a therapeutic target in IPF [74,75].”
Serum amyloid P secreted by bone marrow adipocytes drives skeletal amyloidosis
Kumar, S., Song, K., Wang, J., Baghel, M. S., Zeng, Y., Shen, K., Zheng, J., Crane, J., Demehri, S., Gao, P., et al. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-00924-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“These fibrils interact with SAP/PTX2, apolipoprotein E and glycosaminoglycans, which are crucial for amyloid deposit assembly and maintenance in tissues 20–24 .”
Xia, H., Dufour, C. R., Medkour, Y., Scholtes, C., Chen, Y., Guluzian, C., B'Chir, W., & Giguère, V. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42785-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The authentic metabolite standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Oakville, Ontario, Canada).”
Wang, L., Liang, D., Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Yang, X., Huang, Z., Jiang, Y., Su, H., Wang, L., Pathak, J. L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2022.10.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mei, L., Cheng, F., Xu, C.-R., Yu, Q., Li, C., Wang, Y., & Zhu, M. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.139027 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hasselbalch, H. C., Junker, P., Skov, V., Kjær, L., Knudsen, T. A., Larsen, M. K., Holmström, M. O., Andersen, M. H., Jensen, C., Karsdal, M. A., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15174323 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Parente, R., Possetti, V., Erreni, M., D’Autilia, F., Bottazzi, B., Garlanda, C., Mantovani, A., Inforzato, A., & Doni, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.785883 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In our model of AF infection in immunosuppressed mice the recombinant human SAP had therapeutic efficacy at comparable doses to those used in lung fibrosis (84) and influenza (93), which fosters translation to prophylaxis and therapy of IPA in immunecompromised patients (94).”
MethodNjunge, J. M., Gonzales, G. B., Ngari, M. M., Thitiri, J., Bandsma, R., & Berkley, J. A. (2021) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16330.2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis
Karhadkar, T. R., Chen, W., Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010239 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationComplement-pentraxins synergy: Navigating the immune battlefield and beyond
Ma, Y. J., Parente, R., Zhong, H., Sun, Y., Garlanda, C., & Doni, A. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115878 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chen, W., Karhadkar, T. R., Ryu, C., Herzog, E. L., & Gomer, R. H. (2020) · ImmunoHorizons · doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2000043 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, J., Zhou, J.-J., Zhou, J., Wang, H., Sun, Z., Zhu, X.-Q., He, Y., Wong, A., Liu, F., & Wang, G. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.051 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Li, J., Bai, H., Yin, X., Wu, Z., Qiu, L., Wei, X., Zeng, Q., Mu, L., & Ye, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23169468 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Serum amyloid P component is a soluble pattern recognition molecule and is also known as acute-phase protein, which makes it possible to recognize various pathogenic microorganisms, activate the complement system, join the process of opsonophagocytosis and regulate the inflammatory reaction [21].”
BackgroundMS-proteomics provides insight into the host responses towards alginate microspheres
Coron, A. E., Fonseca, D. M., Sharma, A., Slupphaug, G., Strand, B. L., & Rokstad, A. M. (2022) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100490 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“APCS is involved in several aspects of innate immunity, including inhibiting the differentiation of fibrocytes and pro-fibrotic macrophages, and has been proposed as a potential anti-fibrotic therapeutic [92].”
BackgroundSofia, C., Comes, A., Sgalla, G., & Richeldi, L. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1080/14728214.2023.2281416 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…infusion, was investigated for its potential antifibrotic role in IPF, since PTX-2 contribute to modulate innate immune response, inhibiting the monocyte differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, the production of TGF-β1, and the monocytes transformation into profibrotic fibrocytes [54–56].”
BackgroundEmerging drugs for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: 2020 phase II clinical trials
Sgalla, G., Lerede, M., & Richeldi, L. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1080/14728214.2021.1931119 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“cells”) but the reduced plasma concentrations in IPF patients promote the alternative macrophages activation and the fibrosing tissue development [14].”
BackgroundPhipps, W. S., Smith, K. D., Yang, H.-Y., Henderson, C. M., Pflaum, H., Lerch, M. L., Fondrie, W. E., Emrick, M. A., Wu, C. C., MacCoss, M. J., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqab185 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Antoniou, K. M., Tsitoura, E., Vasarmidi, E., Symvoulakis, E. K., Aidinis, V., Tzilas, V., Τzouvelekis, Α., & Bouros, D. E. (2021) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2020.12.007 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
López-Martínez, M. J., Beletić, A. D., Kuleš, J., Maslov, D. R., Rubić, I., Mrljak, V., Manzanilla, E. G., Goyena, E., Martı́nez-Subiela, S., Cerón, J. M. C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232213700 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“APCS is a glycoprotein that belongs to the family of pentraxins closely related to C-reactive protein (CRP) [42] that regulates several aspects of the innate immune system such as the inhibition of fibrocytes and neutrophil adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins or promoting the immuno-regulatory macrophages [43].”
Njunge, J. M., Gonzales, G. B., Ngari, M. M., Thitiri, J., Bandsma, R., & Berkley, J. A. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16330.1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Inhibition of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on the Invasion of Keloid Fibroblasts
Zhou, J., Shen, J.-Y., Tao, L., & Chen, H. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.68646 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“During fibrosis, FBs express excessive P-4-HB to stabilize collagen triple helix structure [25].”
BackgroundKlotz, S., Bradley, N., & Lipke, P. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11091000 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The binding of SAP to macrophages promotes polarization to a tolerant, non-inflammat ory M2 state, [5,14,22] that phagocytoses fewer yeast (Figure 1).”
BackgroundTolentino, M. J., Tolentino, A. J., Tolentino, E. M., Krishnan, A., & Genead, M. A. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16121735 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“In fibrotic disease, serum amyloid protein (SAP), a well-characterized anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory protein, repolarizes fibrotic and inflammatory macrophages to the resolution M2c state [146].”
BackgroundSheehan, K. L., Jeon, H., Corr, S., Hayes, J. M., & Mok, K.-H. (2024) · The Protein Journal · doi:10.1007/s10930-024-10237-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Another theory involves serum amyloid P (SAP) which is a member of the pentraxin family that is characterized by its ability to bind to amyloid fibrils but not their native precursors [184].”
Reintroduction of DJ-1 in Müller Cells Inhibits Retinal Degeneration in the DJ-1 Deficient Retina
Gharbi, N., Røise, D., Førre, J.-E., Edson, A. J., Hushagen, H. A., Tronci, V., Frøyset, A. K., & Fladmark, K. E. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10121862 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins
Venati, S. R., & Uversky, V. N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25158399 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Raychaudhuri, D., Bandopadhyay, P., D’Rozario, R., Sarif, J., Ray, Y., Paul, S. R., Singh, P., Chaudhuri, K., Bhaduri, R., Pandey, R., et al. (2022) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“On the other hand, serum amyloid components, such as component P (or APCS), are known to inhibit neutrophil adhesion and function and have prominent anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic functions.(51) The major limitation of the present trial, which hindered more extensive subgroup analyses, is the small sample size.”
N-acetyl cysteine mitigates lung damage and inflammation after chlorine exposure in vivo and ex vivo
Gustafson, Å., Elfsmark, L., Karlsson, T., & Jonasson, S. (2023) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2023.116714 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yoon, B. W., Lee, Y., & Seo, J. H. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12040807 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bittner, P., Kuhne, F., Pruška, A., Harrison, J. A., Preiss, N., Haberger, M., Reusch, D., & Zenobi, R. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/anie.202505077 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gao, S.-H., Sun, J.-Q., Zhao, K.-Y., Li, G., Zhang, J., & Li, X.-P. (2025) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.742859 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ryou, H., Sirinukunwattana, K., Wood, R., Aberdeen, A., Rittscher, J., Weinberg, O. K., Hasserjian, R. P., Pozdnyakova, O., Peale, F., Higgins, B., et al. (2024) · HemaSphere · doi:10.1002/hem3.105 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Castelli, G., Cocconcelli, E., Bernardinello, N., Balestro, E., & Spagnolo, P. (2023) · Current Pulmonology Reports · doi:10.1007/s13665-023-00315-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cong, M., Weber, R. C. G., Sakane, S., Zhang, V., Jiang, C., Taura, K., Kodama, Y., Deminicis, S., Ganguly, S., Brafman, D. A., et al. (2024) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000557 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[11] The current study focused on the potential effect of hSAP on the activation of fibrocytes and HSCs into myofibroblasts in the injured liver.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNikitina, M., Khramtsov, P., Devyatov, S., Valeev, R. G., Eryomina, M., Игоревич, Ч. А., & Rayev, M. B. B. (2024) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d4an01160k · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Role of Pentraxin 3 in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Zajkowska, M., & Mroczko, B. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15245832 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“However, the largest number of reports on SAP concerns cardiovascular diseases [44,45].”
BackgroundJiang, G., Xu, S., Mai, X., Tu, J., Wang, L., Wang, L., Zhan, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Zheng, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.18397 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Genetics and humoral responses of the immune system to Aspergillus fumigatus
Sanya, D. R. A., Jayachandran, K., & Onésime, D. (2025) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2025.06.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kaur, B., Dixit, R., Bakshi, S., Konar, M., Sinha, S. K., Duseja, A. K., & Sharma, S. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-35930-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Phase three clinical trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Sgalla, G., Lerede, M., & Richeldi, L. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1080/21678707.2021.1882299 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“inhibition of monocytes differentiation into fibrocytes (fibroblast-like cells) and promotion of monocytes maturation into M1 classical-activated macrophages, capable to engulf bacteria and cell debris [56] .”
BackgroundGomer, R. H. (2019) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationLocal Pentraxin-2 Deficit Is a Feature of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease
Levitte, S., Peale, F., Jhun, I., McBride, J., & Neighbors, M. (2023) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-023-07909-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This could reflect the reported role of PTX-2 in opsonizing bacteria and cell debris released by epithelial damage [7], which may deplete PTX-2 in areas of active stricture pathogenesis prior to histologic changes.”
BackgroundBellissimo, C. J., Yeo, E., Ribeiro, T. A., Jazwiec, P. A., Ellewela, C. N., Bains, J., Lewis, A. E., Kennedy, K. M., Ashkar, A. A., Beristain, A. G., et al. (2025) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.70130 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Several of the factors identified to be differentially expressed have known roles in initiating thrombosis (F3) [98] or inhibiting fibrinolysis (PAI-1) [99], are induced in response to tissue injury (SAP, IL-33) [100, 101], or promote endothelial cell migration and neovascularization (PRL2C2) [102].”
Alhamad, D. W., Bensreti, H., Ding, K., Sultana, S., Yearwood, C. L., Ellingwood, A. A., Shaver, J. C., Burkhart, K., Tripathi, A., Dorn, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111174 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“We then measured serum amyloid P (SAP, a pentraxin family protein member) as an indicator of inflammation; SAP is an acute phase reactant to inflammation, comparable to C-reactive protein in humans, and has been reported to modulate macrophage formation (41).”
Gu, X., Zhang, Y., Gu, F., Gao, D., Deng, W., Lu, W., & He, J. F. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.126878 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alvarez, H. A. O., Cedeño-Laurent, J. G., Eisen, A. M., Campen, M. J., Slavich, G. M., Kubzansky, L. D., & Spengler, J. D. (2026) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101244 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, H.-X., Yang, Q., & He, G.-W. (2026) · Clinical Proteomics · doi:10.1186/s12014-026-09606-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The amino acid sequence and protein structure of SAP are similar to C-reactive protein [22].”
Proteomics in Nutrition, Obesity and Diabetes Research
Ruiz‐Limón, P., Balongo, M., Insenser, M. R., Tinahones, F. J., & Murri, M. (2020) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839160608-00237 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nikitina, M., Khramtsov, P., Devyatov, S., Valeev, R. G., Еремина, М. А., Игоревич, Ч. А., & Rayev, M. B. B. (2024) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-f67sq · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Shen, J.-Y., Tao, L., & Chen, H. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-149077/v1
“During brosis, FBs express excessive P-4-HB to stabilize collagen triple helix structure[27].”
BackgroundГубіна-Вакулик, Г. І., & Zorenko, Y. M. (2021) · Morphologia · doi:10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.66-75
Study of Biomarkers in Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy: A Case-control Study
Patel, K. P., Makadia, M. G., & Chaudhari, D. K. (2022) · National Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.7860/njlm/2022/53452.2639
Bagley, A. H. (2022) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.235131
In the Pipeline: Emerging Therapy for Classical Ph-Negative MPNs
Gill, H., & Yung, Y. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3810-0_47
Mai, T. H., Yadav, R., Arjomandi, A., Jung, C. J., Meier, M., Donaldson, F., Zhao, R. Z., Ding, H., Hsu, J. C., Kamath, N., et al. (2024) · Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development · doi:10.1002/cpdd.1403
Bellissimo, C. J., Yeo, E., Ribeiro, T. A., Jazwiec, P. A., Ellewela, C. N., Bains, J., Ashkar, A. A., Beristain, A. G., Bowdish, D. M. E., & Sloboda, D. M. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612284
Bittner, P., Kuhne, F., Pruška, A., Harrison, J. A., Preiss, N., Haberger, M., Reusch, D., & Zenobi, R. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202505077
Unveiling PoPFP: A short-chain pentraxin involving antibacterial immunity in marine teleost
Xu, X.-D., Wang, Y.-L., Zhao, K.-Y., Chen, G., Zhang, J., & Li, X.-P. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147703
Raza, A., Naseem, M. N., Kamran, M., Nouwens, A. S., Juli, S. B. M., Constantinoiu, C. C., Tabor, A. E., Schulz, B. L., & James, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30396-5
Wangler, S., Kamali, A., Wapp, C., Wuertz‐Kozak, K., Häckel, S., Fortes, C., Benneker, L. M., Haglund, L., Richards, R. G., Alini, M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545031
Wangler, S., Kamali, A., Wapp, C., Wuertz‐Kozak, K., Häckel, S., Fortes, C., Benneker, L. M., Haglund, L., Richards, R. G., Alini, M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545034
Plasma transfusion therapy enhances recovery from traumatic brain injury
Chang, W.-C., Chen, W.-C., Wu, K.-Y., Deng, S., Chiang, M.-H., Lee, J., Wei, K., Chen, Y.-T., & Huang, G.-J. (2026) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2026.115846
GUO, R., Ding, Q., Pei, L., Liu, Q., Guo, Z., Cao, F., Zhang, C., Li, X., Song, Z., Wang, H., et al. (2026) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.07.048
Tian, Y., Geng, J., Wang, M., Zhu, W., Xu, J., Tang, X. S., Wang, Q., Ding, T., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., et al. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08643-8
“Among them, APCS is an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis and has entered early-stage clinical evaluation as a therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis [24, 25].”
From stasis to systematics: deciphering the pathophysiology of secondary lymphedema through omics
Stull-Lane, A. R., Chen, X., Book, A. J., Kratchmarov, R., Pal, S., Shin, J. Y., Ashokan, G., Hespe, G. E., Mehrara, B. J., & Kataru, R. P. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1850725
“Given its immunomodulatory role, SAP has been investigated in clinical trials for its therapeutic potential in fi brotic disease, such as pulmonary fi brosis (74).”
- Authors
- Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. H.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pilling, Darrell
- Gomer, Richard H.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-10-16
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 2328-2328
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6232687
- OpenAlex
- W2896540448
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- serum amyloid P component, pentraxins, innate immunity, fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, myelofibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, neutrophil adhesion, fibrocyte differentiation, macrophage differentiation, amyloidosis, wound healing, tuberculosis, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Serum Amyloid P-Component, Amyloidosis, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Fibroblasts, Fibrosis, Multigene Family, Humans, Macrophages, Neutrophils, Tuberculosis, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Immunomodulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
