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What Can Parasites Tell Us About the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma and Allergic Diseases

Bohnacker, Sina, Troisi, Fabiana, de los Reyes Jiménez, Marta, Esser-von Bieren, Julia·2020·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02106PMC PMC7516051
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FIGURE 1 Overview of immune regulatory helminth molecules and their mechanisms of action in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation and in human in vitro models. Immunomodulators from different helminths can act on a variety of cells ranging from innate to adaptive and effector immune cells. Blocking of signaling is shown by red arrows, induction by green, and modulation by spaced, gray arrows. AAI, allergic airway inflammation; AIP-2, anti-inflammatory protein 2; As, A. simplex; Av, A. vitae; Cys, cystatin; DC, dendritic cell; Ev, Extracellular vesicles; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; HDM, house dust mite; HpARI, H. polygyrus Alarmin Release Inhibitor; HpBARI, H. polygyrus Binds Alarmin Receptor and Inhibits; HpbE, H. polygyrus extract; Mφ, macrophage; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Nb, N. brasiliensis; OVA, ovalbumin; PC, phosphocholine; SEA, schistosome soluble egg antigen; Sm, S. mansoni.
FIGURE 1 Overview of immune regulatory helminth molecules and their mechanisms of action in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation and in human in vitro models. Immunomodulators from different helminths can act on a variety of cells ranging from innate to adaptive and effector immune cells. Blocking of signaling is shown by red arrows, induction by green, and modulation by spaced, gray arrows. AAI, allergic airway inflammation; AIP-2, anti-inflammatory protein 2; As, A. simplex; Av, A. vitae; Cys, cystatin; DC, dendritic cell; Ev, Extracellular vesicles; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; HDM, house dust mite; HpARI, H. polygyrus Alarmin Release Inhibitor; HpBARI, H. polygyrus Binds Alarmin Receptor and Inhibits; HpbE, H. polygyrus extract; Mφ, macrophage; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Nb, N. brasiliensis; OVA, ovalbumin; PC, phosphocholine; SEA, schistosome soluble egg antigen; Sm, S. mansoni.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Bohnacker, S., Troisi, F., de los Reyes Jiménez, M., & Esser-von Bieren, J.
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2020-09-11
Volume
11
ISSN
1664-3224
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2020.02106
PMC
PMC7516051
Cited by
39
References
14
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Helmholtz Association
  • Fritz Thyssen Stiftung

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